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The Chinese sage Confucius warned against over-reaching governments, in a way analogous to the development in the western world of post-Lockean ideas of negative liberty.
He taught that government by example and "not doing" (wú wéi) was superior to government by law and discipline.
more needed.
The Jewish religious tradition features several revered individuals who stood up to statist power at crucial moments, including of course Moses who demanded that the Pharaoh of Egypt "let my people go."
Also, the Maccabees rebelled against mandatory assimilation to Greek culture and the Zealots (less successfully) rose against the Roman Empire.
Moslem jurists have long held that the legal tradition initiated by the Koran includes a principle of permissibility, or Ibahah, especially as applied to commercial transaction. "Nothing in them [voluntary transactions] is forbidden," said Ibn Taymiyyah , "unless God and His Messenger have decreed them to be forbidden."
The idea is founded upon two verses in the Koran, 4:29 and 5:1.
One important schism that developed within liberalism early in the 20th century involved the relationship between expressive or life-style liberty on the one hand and commercial liberty (the right to buy, sell, and hold property) on the other. One school of thought holds that although the two sorts of liberty both, indeed, merit recognition as liberty, they are of differing levels of priority -- i.e. Tammy Faye Bakker's freedom of worship is much more important (on this view) than her right to sell her own line of cosmetics.
Another school of thought holds that expressive and commercial liberties are so different that they are at war, and the latter must be opposed in order to advance the former. Naturally, those who hold this view also deny that the liberty they oppose ought to be called liberty at all.
A third school of thought holds that there is no tenable distinction between the two sorts of liberty -- that they are, indeed, one and the same, to be protected (or opposed) together. In the context of U.S. constitutional law, for example, they point out that the constitution twice lists "life, liberty, and property" without making any distinctions within that troika.
Individualists, such as Max Stirner, demanded the utmost respect for the liberty of the individual. From a very similar perspective from North America, primitivists like John Zerzan proclaimed that civilization not just the state would need to be abolished to foster liberty. David Hume wrote "Of Civil Liberty", in his book "Essays Moral and Political" (first ed. 1741-2) Some see protecting the ideal of liberty as a conservative policy, because this would conform to the spirit of individual liberty that they consider at the American foundation.See also: Libertarians, Positive liberty, Negative liberty
Liberty can refer to various concept of freedom.
Other notable phrases that include liberty are:
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