 |
Business | Industries | Finance | Tax |
| Index: > A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
|
|||||
| First Prev [ 1 2 ] Next Last |
Note, Loglan is now a generic term that refers both to James Cooke Brown's Loglan, and all languages descended from it. Since the organization that Dr. Brown established, The Loglan Institute, still calls its language Loglan, it is necessary to state that we in this section are referring to the TLI language, instead of the entire family of languages.
The principal difference between Lojban and Loglan is one of lexicon. A Washington DC splinter group, which later formed The Logical Language Group, LLG, decided in 1986 to remake the entire vocabulary of Loglan in order to evade Dr. Brown's claim of copyright to the language. After a lengthy battle in court, his claim to copyright was ruled invalid. By then, though, the new vocabulary was already cemented as a part of the new language, which was called Lojban: A realization of Loglan by its supporters.
The closed set of five-letter words were the first part of the vocabulary to be remade. The words for Lojban were made by the same principles as those for Loglan; that is, candidate forms were chosen according to how many sounds they had in common with their equivalent in some of the most common spoken languages on Earth, which was then multiplied with the number of speakers of the languages with which the words had letters in common. The difference with the Lojban remake of the root words was that the weighting was updated to reflect more recent numbers of speakers for the languages. This resulted in word forms that had fewer sounds taken from English, and more sounds taken from Chinese. For instance, the Loglan word norma is equivalent to the Lojban word cnano, both meaning "normal".
Grammatical words were gradually added to Lojban as the grammatical description of the language was made.
Loglan and Lojban still have essentially the same grammars, and most of what is said in the typology section above holds true for Loglan as well. Most simple, declarative sentences could be translated word by word between the two languages; however, the grammars differ in the details, and in their formal foundations. The grammar of Lojban is defined mostly in the language definition formalism YACC, with a few formal "pre-processing" rules. Loglan also has a machine grammar, but it is not definitive; the grammar of Loglan is based on a relatively small corpus of sentences that has remained unchanged through the decades, which takes precedence in case of a discrepancy.
There are also many differences between the terminology used in English to talk about the two languages. In his writings, James Cooke Brown used many terms based on English, Latin and Greek, some of which were already established with a slightly different meaning. The Lojban camp, on the other hand, freely borrowed grammatical terms from Lojban itself. Thus, for what linguists would call roots or root words, loglanists say primitives or prims, and lojbanists say gismu. The lexeme of Loglan and selma'o of Lojban has nothing to do with the linguistic meaning of lexeme. It is really a kind of part of speech, a subdivision of the set of grammatical words, or particles, which by loglanists are called little words and by lojbanists cmavo. There is a grammatical construct in Loglan and Lojban that is called, respectively, metaphor and tanru; this is not really a metaphor per se, but a kind of modifier-modificand relationship of which a noun-noun construction is an example. A borrowed word in Loglan is simply called a borrowing; in English discussions of Lojban, the Lojban word fu'ivla is used. This is probably because in Lojban, unlike Loglan, a certain set of CV templates is reserved for borrowed words.
In the new phonology for Lojban, the consonant q and the vowel w were removed, and the consonant h was replaced by x. The consonant ' (apostrophe) was added with the value of [h] in the International Phonetic Alphabet, but its distribution is such that it can appear only intervocally, and in discussions of the morphology and phonotactics, it is described not as a proper consonant, but a "voiceless glide". (This phoneme is realized as [θ] by some speakers.) A rigid phonotactical system was made for Lojban, but Loglan does not seem to have had such a system.
The Lojban logo is the result of a poll of the members of the LLG, and is defined as a Cartesian coordinate system superimposed on a
Venn diagram. This definition does not mention color, but it istraditionally reproduced with the coordinate system in red and the Venn diagram in blue.
While no official explanation of its symbolism exists, one might reasonably suppose that the Venn diagram stands for predicate logic, while the coordinate system represents rationality, mathematics and the natural sciences.
| Politics | Business | Finance |
 |
 |
 |
|