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The very first character in a long listing gives the type of file.
| Character | Type |
|---|---|
| - | Normal file |
| b | Block device |
| c | Character device |
| d | Directory |
| l | Symbolic link |
| p | Named pipe ( FIFOFIFO is an acronym for First In, First Out . This expression describes the principle of a queue: what comes in first is handled first, what comes in next waits until the first is finished, etc. Thus it is analagous to the behaviour of persons "standing in) |
| s | Domain socket |
example:
rwxr-xr--The first three characters represent the owner's permissions on the item, the next three the group's permissions, the last, everyone else.
As for the individual character meanings, the following is meant to explain that:
r - read permission;
w - write permission;
x - execute permission;
- - no permission;
Given the output above, drwxr-xr--,
To only list directories:
ls */ -dTo get colorized output:
ls --color=autoTo get ls to always output the result colorized when appropriate, write the following in .bashrc :
alias ls="ls --color=auto" Unix programs| Politics | Business | Finance |
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