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Home > 20th century

1.3 Ten overall largest mass killings of the 20th century

(measured in numbers of people killed; also see [1])

• World War II and regime of Adolf Hitler (1937-1945), over 50 million dead, including the Holocaust, killing two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe (6 million).
• Regime of Mao Zedong in China (1949-1976), over 40 million dead (incl. about 25 million died of famine)
• Regime of Joseph Stalin (1924-1953), over 20 million dead.
• World War I (1914-1918), over 15 million dead.
• Russian Civil War (1918-1921), over 8.5 million dead.
• Chinese Civil War (1917-1945), 6.5 million dead.
• Korean War (1950-1953), 3 million dead.
• Vietnam War and other related wars in Indochina (1945-1975), 2.5 million dead.
• Expulsion of Germans after World War II, over 2 million dead.
• Armenian Genocide of 1915 by the Turks, up to 2 million dead.

The Congo Free State caused an estimated 5 to 10 million deaths, but a part of them were in the 19th century. The current Congolese Civil War costed 3.3 million lives, of which approx. 1.5 million in the 20th century. Furthermore the regime of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea caused an unknown number of deaths. Estimates reach up to 3.5 million.

1.4 Culture and entertainment

• Movies, music and the media had a major influence on fashion and trends in all aspects of life. As many movies and music originate from the United States, American culture spread rapidly over the world.
• After gaining political rights in the United States and much of Europe in the first part of the century, women became more independent throughout the century.
• Modern art developed new styles such as expressionism, cubism, and surrealism.
• The automobile provided vastly increased transportation capabilities for the average member of Western societies in the early to mid-century, spreading even further later on. City design throughout most of the West became focused on transport via car. The car became a leading symbol of modern society, with styles of car suited to and symbolic of particular lifestyles.
• Sports became an important part of society, becoming an activity not only for the privileged. Watching sports, later also on television, became a popular activity.

1.4.1 Highest grossing films of the 20th century

1. Titanic (1997)
2. Star Wars (1977)
3. (1999)
4. E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
5. Jurassic Park (1993)

1.4.2 Most critically acclaimed films

• Battleship Potemkin (1925)
• Citizen Kane (1941)
• Psycho (1960)
• The Wizard of Oz (1939)
• (1968)
• The Godfather (1972)
• It's a Wonderful Life (1946)

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