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The head of government in Kalmykia is the President. As of 2004, the president is Kirsan Nikolayevich Ilyumzhinov.
Kalmykia has a developed agricultural sector. Other developed industries include food processing and oil and gas industries.
There is a small Kalmyk minority living within eastern Kyrgyzstan, especially in villages in the Karakol region. These Kalmyks are those who remained when the bulk of the nation moved westwards in the early 16th century. The Kalmyk language and their traditions are dying out rapidly due to small numbers and majority pressures. Most are now Muslims, not Buddhists, and there is no public display of Kalmyk culture. There is also a small Kalmyk community in Pennsylvania in the USA. They are descended from those Kalmyks who fought on the German side in World War II. There is a Kalmyk buddhist temple in Belgrade, Serbia.
The word Kalmyk means 'those who remained'—a reference to the return to Jungaria of a large part of the population in the 18th century. There are three cultural subgroups within the Kalmyk nation: Turguts, Durbets (Durwets), and Buzavs ( oirats, who joined Russian Cossacks).
The 'Durbets' subgroup includes the Chonos tribe (literally meaning "a tribe of the Wolf", other names - "Shonos", "Chinos", "A-Shino" or "A-Chino"), which is considered to be one of the most ancient tribes in the world, dating back to 6th to 11th century.
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