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1.4.1 African-American modern dance

The development of Modern dance embraced the contributions of African-American dance artists regardless of whether they made pure modern dance works or blended modern dance with African and Caribbean influences.

• Katherine Dunham - African-American dancer, and anthropologist, originally a ballet dancer she founded her first company Ballet Negre in 1936 and later the Katherine Dunham Dance Company based in Chicago. Dunham opened a school in New York ( 1945) where she taught Katherine Dunham Technique, a blend of African and Caribbean movement (flexible torso and spine, articulated pelvis and isolation of the limbs and polyrhythmic movement) integrated with techniques of ballet and modern dance.

• Pearl Primus - a dancer, choreographer and anthropologist Primus drew on African and Caribbean dances to create strong dramatic works characterized by large leaps in the air. Primus often based her dances on the work of black writers and on racial and African-American issues. Primus created works based on Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of Rivers ( 1944), and Lewis Allen's Strange Fruit ( 1945). Her dance company developed into the Pearl Primus Dance Language Institute which teaches her method of blending African-American, Caribbean, and African influences with modern dance and ballet techniques.

• Alvin Ailey- a student of Lester Horton (and later Martha Graham) Ailey spent several years working in both concert and theatre dance. in 1930 Ailey and a group of young African-American dancers perform as Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in New York. Ailey drew upon his blood memories of Texas, the blues, spirituals and gospel as inspiration, his most popular and critically acclaimed work is Revelations ( 1960).

2 Legacy of Modern dance

The legacy on Modern dance can be seen in lineage of 20th century concert dance forms. Although often producing divergent dance forms many seminal dance artists share a common heritage that can be traced back to free dance.

2.1 Postmodern and Contemporary dance

Both Postmodern dance and Contemporary dance built upon the foundations laid by Modern dance and form part of the greater category of 20th century concert dance. Where as Postmodern dance was a direct and opposite response to Modern dance, Contemporary dance draws on both modern and postmodern dance as a source of inspiration.

see also: Postmodern dance, Contemporary dance and 20th century concert dance

2.2 lineage 20th century concert dance

note: this sketch is provided for illustrative purposes only

2.3 teachers and students

This list illustrates the basic teacher / student links in modern dance. For more detailed information see the individual artists entries.

• Loie Fuller

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• Isadora Duncan - Duncan technique

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• Ruth St. Denis
  • Ted Shawn - Shawn Fundamentals
  • Denishawn (school and company)
    • Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman - The Art of Making Dances (Humphrey)
      • Humphrey-Weidman school - Humphrey-Weidman technique (fall and recovery)
        • José Limón - Limón technique
    • Martha Graham - Graham technique ( and Louis Horst)
      • Erick Hawkins (via George Balanchine) - Hawkins technique
      • Anna Sokolow
      • Merce Cunningham - Cunningham technique (also see Postmodern dance)
        • Paul Taylor
          • Twyla Tharp

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• Lester Horton
  • Alvin Ailey

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• Rudolf Laban
  • Kurt Jooss (see Ausdruckstanz)
    • Pina Bausch (see Tanztheater )
  • Mary Wigman (see Expressionist dance)
    • Hanya Holm
      • Alwin Nikolais - decentralization
        • Murray Louis

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• Émile Jaques-Dalcroze
  • Marie Rambert

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• Katherine Dunham Katherine Dunham Technique

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• Pearl Primus

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• Helen Tamiris

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