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2.3 Neurotoxins

2.3.1 Anticholinesterases

• Fasciculin

2.3.2 Acetylcholine Antagonists

• Curare
• Pancuronium

2.3.3 Cell Membrane Disrupters

2.3.4 Others

• Nicotine - not strictly a neurotoxin, but capable in large doses of causing heart attack

2.4 Teratogens (birth defects)

• Thalidomide

2.5 Mutagens (DNA damage)

• Ultraviolet Rays - Long term exposure may cause skin cancer such as Melanoma

2.6 Carcinogens (cancer)

• Carbon tetrachloride (formerly used in fire extinguishers)
• Benzene (lab solvent, used in synthesis of various things)
• Some artificial sweeteners have been alleged to be carcinogenic. ex. Aspartame, Saccharin
• Dioxin - actually a group of many chemicals - has carcinogenic and other effects.
• Asbestos - a widely used insulating material that causes mesothelioma and other cancers

3 Examples of biological poisons by source

Unfinished task: Items below should be added as examples under the appropriate poison class above.

3.1 Non-radioactive inorganic poisons

• Elemental metals
  • barium
  • beryllium
  • cadmium
  • lead
  • thallium
  • mercury
• Elemental metalloids
  • arsenic
• Elemental nonmetals
  • chlorine
  • iodine
  • phosphorus

• Arsenic compounds
  • arsenic trioxide
  • Fowler's solution

• inorganic compounds
  • asbestos
  • carbon monoxide ( LD50 = 1334 ppm, TCLo = 600 mg/m³/10 min
  • phosgene
  • phosphine
  • hydrogen sulfide

• Acids and bases, corrosives
  • ammonia
  • The 6 strong acids are all listed above (besides HBr and HI, which are debatably important)
  • Lye
  • Lime, Quicklime, various light metal oxides, hydroxides, superoxides
  • Bleach, some pool chemicals, other hypochlorates (acidic and oxydizing effect)
  • hydrofluoric acid

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