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In the late of Heian period, Renga, a form collaborated linked poetry developed. In the late of Heian period, great waka poets appeared. the father Fujiwara no Shunzei and his son Fujiwara no Teika, and the Emperor Go-Toba. Emperor Go-Toba ordered the creation of a new anthology and joined in editing it as an editor. The anthology was named Shin-kokin Wakashu . He edited it again and again until he died in Oki island . Teika made copies of ancient books and wrote on the theory of waka. His descendants taught his method and were considered as waka masters.
In the Muromachi period, renga had developed. It began to be popular in the court and people around it and spread to the priest monk who and then to the wealthy commoners. As same as waka, renga anthology under the imperial order was edited.
Waka style lost flexibility because of the conventions of the court, but still remains an important part in their culture. A tradition named Kokin-denju, the heritage of Kokin Wakashu, was developed. It was a system on how to analyze the Kokin Wakashu and included the secret (or precisely lost) meaning of words. Study of waka became to learn such theory.
There were comical waka already in the Kojiki and the Man'yoshu, but the noble style of waka in the court reduced such aspects of waka. Renga was in the same atmosphere with many codes reflecting literature tradition. Haikai no renga (also called just Haikai ) (playful renga) and Kyoka, comical waka, were a reaction to this seriousness. But in the Edo period waka itself lost almost all of its flexibility and turned to refrain the old style in general.
In the early Edo period waka was not fashionable genre. Newly created Haikai renga from which haiku had developed was the most favorite genre. This tendency was kept during this period, but in the late Edo period waka faces some new trends out of the court. Motoori Norinaga, the great reviver of the traditional Japanese literature attempted to revive waka as a way of expression of traditional feeling expressed in genuine Japanese way. He made waka and it became an important part of practices of his followers, Kokugaku scholars. In Echigo province a Buddhist priest Ryokan made many waka in a naive style intentionally avoiding complex rules and traditional way of waka. He belonged to another great tradition of waka, waka for expressing religious feeling from the ancient. But his frank expression of his feeling has fans even today. In the cities a comical, ironic and satiric form of waka emerged. It was called kyoka (狂歌) mad poem and was loved by intellectual people in big cities like Edo and Osaka. It was precisely not a new form, satirical waka was made even in the ancient times. But it was the Edo period that this aspect of waka developed and reached to an artistic expression. But most of waka poets kept to ancient tradition or made those reformation another stereotype and waka was not a vivid genre in general in the end of this period.
The modern-era revival of tanka started with some poets who published the literature magazines and gathered their friends and disciples on them as contributors. Yosano Tekkan and the poets that were associated with his Myojo magazine, but that magazine was fairly short-lived. To Myojo a young high school student Otori You, later known Yosano Akiko as the wife Tekkan and Ishikawa Takuboku contributed. Masaoka Shiki's poems and writing (as well as the work of his friends and disciples) have had a more lasting influence. The magazine Hototogisu he founded has been issued even today. He was a great poet both in haiku and tanka and critic and called the Father of Modern Tanka. Actually the term tanka was one of his invented words as a replacement for waka. After the World War Two waka had been considered rather out-of-date but since the late of 1980s has revived under the example of contemporary poet Tawara Machi.
In the Meiji period, Masaoka Shiki claimed the situation with waka should be improved and waka should be modernized just the as same as with other things in the country. He praised the style of Man'yoshu and called it manly. In opposition to that, he denied the style of Kokin Wakashu which was the ideal type of waka during a thousand year, and called it feminine. He also praised Minamoto no Sanetomo, the third Shogun of Kamakura Shogunate, who was a disciple of Fujiwara Teika and made waka in a style much like that in the Man'yoshu. After Shiki died, in the Taisho period, Saito Mokichi and his friends who gathered a poetry circle Araragi that praised the Man'yoshu. Using their magazine they spread their influence throughout the country. Besides their modernization, in the court the old traditions still remind. The court holds many utakai even today both officially and privately. The utakai which the emperor holds at the first in a year is called utakai-hajime and it is an important event for waka poets. Anyone can apply to it with a waka according to an announced theme before the year and many people apply in every year.
Today there are many circles of waka poets. Many newspapers have a weekly waka column and there are many professional and amateur waka poets.
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