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Main article: Economy of Spain
The following is from the CIA World factbook
Economy - overview: Spain's mixed capitalist economy supports a GDP that on a per capita basis is 80% that of the four leading West European economies. The center-right government of former President AZNAR successfully worked to gain admission to the first group of countries launching the European single currency (the euro) on 1 January 1999. The AZNAR administration continued to advocate liberalization, privatization, and deregulation of the economy and introduced some tax reforms to that end. Unemployment fell steadily under the AZNAR administration but remains high at 11.7%. Growth of 2.4% in 2003 was satisfactory given the background of a faltering European economy. Incoming President RODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO, whose party won the election three days after the Madrid train bombings in March, plans to reduce government intervention in business, combat tax fraud, and support innovation, research and development, but also intends to reintroduce labor market regulations that had been scraped by the AZNAR government. Adjusting to the monetary and other economic policies of an integrated Europe - and reducing unemployment - will pose challenges to Spain over the next few years.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $885.5 billion (2003 est.) GDP - real growth rate:
2.4% (2003 est.) GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $22,000 (2003 est.) GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 3.6% industry: 28.6% services: 67.8% (2003 est.) Investment (gross fixed): 25.6% of GDP (2003) Population below poverty line: NA Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 25.2% (1990) Distribution of family income - Gini index: 32.5 (1990) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3% (2003 est.) Labor force: 18.82 million (2003) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 7%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 29%, services 64% (2001 est.) Unemployment rate: 11.3% (2003 est.) Budget: revenues: $330.7 billion expenditures: $335.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $12.8 billion (2003 est.) Public debt: 62.7% of GDP (2003) Agriculture - products: grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish Industries: textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism
1.6% (2003 est.)
222,500 GWh (2001)
210,400 GWh (2001)
4,138 GWh (2001)
7,588 GWh (2001)
7,099 bbl (1,129 m³) per day (2001 est.)
1,497,000 bbl (238,000 m³) per day (2001 est.)
135,100 bbl (21,500 m³) per day (2001)
1,582,000 bbl (251,500 m³) per day (2001)
10,500,000 bbl (1,700,000 m³) 1 January 2002
516,000,000 m³ 2001 est.
17.96 km³ (2001 est.)
0 cu m (2001 est.)
17.26 km³ (2001 est.)
254,900,000 m³ (1 January 2002)
$-23.77 billion (2003)
$159.4 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:
machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, other consumer goods
Exports - partners:
France 19.2%, Germany 11.9%, Italy 9.7%, UK 9.4%, Portugal 9.3%, US 4.2% (2003 est.)
Imports:
$197.1 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods; foodstuffs, consumer goods
Imports - partners:
France 16.8%, Germany 16.6%, Italy 8.8%, UK 6.5%, Netherlands 4.9% (2003 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
$26.81 billion (2003)
Debt - external:
$718.4 billion (2003 est.)
Economic aid - donor:
ODA, $1.33 billion (1999)
Currency:
euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by the financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions with the member countries
Currency code:
EUR Exchange rates:
euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Main article: Demographics of Spain
The Spanish Constitution, although affirming the sovereignty of the Spanish Nation, recognises historical nationalities.
The Castilian-derived Spanish (called both Español and Castellano in the language itself) is the official language throughout Spain, but other regional languages are also spoken. Without mentioning them by name, the Spanish Constitution recognizes the possibility of regional languages being coofficial in their respective autonomous communities. The following languages are coofficial with Spanish according to the appropriate Autonomy Statute s.
Catalan, Galician, Aranese (Occitan) and Spanish (Castilian) are all descended from Latin and have their own dialects, some championed as separate languages by their speakers (the Valenciano of Valencia, a dialect of Catalan, is one example).
There are also some other surviving Romance minority languages: Asturian, in Asturias and parts of Leon, Zamora and Salamanca, and the Extremaduran in Caceres and Salamanca, both descendents of the historical Astur-Leonese dialect; the Aragonese or fabla in part of Aragon; the xalimegian or a fala in Extremadura; and some Portuguese dialectal towns in Extremadura and Castile-Leon. However, unlike Catalan, Galician, and Basque, these do not have any official status.
Berber language is spoken among Muslims in Ceuta and Melilla.In the touristic areas of the Mediterranean costas and the islands, German and English are spoken by tourists, foreign residents and tourism workers.
Many linguists claim that most of the Spanish language variants spoken in Latin America (Mexican, Argentinian, Columbian, etc. variants) descended from the Spanish spoken in southwestern Spain ( Andalusia and Extremadura).
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