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Main articles: Culture of China, Religion in China
Philosophies that have had extremely consequential impact on the Chinese culture, literary or illiterate, stem from Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism (in order of appearance).150px Confucian thought has influenced East Asian society for millenia
China has a diverse religious tradition. Some of the religions or belief systems associated with China include ancestor worship, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion , Confucianism, Islam, and Taoism.
Chinese literature has a long and prolific continuous history, in part because of the development of printmaking during the Song dynasty. Prior to that time, manuscripts of the Classics and religious texts (mainly Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist) were manually written by ink brush and distributed. To comment on these works, printed or written, scholars formed numerous academies, many of which were sponsored by the empire, and some of the royalty constantly participated in the discussions. Tens of thousands of ancient written documents are still extant.For centuries, opportunity for social advancement in China could be provided by high performance on the imperial examinations. These tests required applicants to write essays and demonstrate mastery of the Confucian classics. Those who passed the highest level of the exam became elite scholar-officials known as jinshi, a highly revered and esteemed position.
Chinese philosophers, writers, and poets have been, for the most part, highly respected, and played a key role in preserving and promoting the culture of the empire. Some classical scholars, however, were noted for their daring depictions of lives of the common people. (See List of Chinese authors, and List of Chinese language poets).
The Chinese created numerous musical instruments, such as the zheng, xiao , and erhu, that have spread around East and Southeast Asia, especially to its dependencies. The sheng became the mother of several Western free-reed instruments.
Chinese characters have had many variants and styles throughout the history of China, and were " simplified" in the mid- 20th century on mainland China. Calligraphy is a major art-form in China, on a par with painting and music. Bonsai is a millennia-old art that spread to Japan and Korea.See also:
Main article: Science and technology in China
In addition to the above mentioned cultural inventions, technological inventions from China include:
Other areas of science:
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