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10 Human population

Nearly all humans currently reside on Earth: 6,327,152,352 inhabitant s ( November 1 2003 est.)

Two humans are in orbit around Earth on board the International Space Station, every six months they are exchanged.

During the exchange there are more, and sometimes others are also traveling briefly above the atmosphere. In total, about 400 people ( astronauts, cosmonauts and taikonauts) have been outside Earth (in space) as of 2004. Most of them have reported a heightened understanding of its value and importance, reverence for human life and amazement at its beauty, not usually achieved by those living on the surface.

See also space colonization.

The northernmost settlement in the world is Alert, Ellesmere Island, Canada. The southernmost is the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, in Antarctica, almost exactly at the South Pole.

Age structure:

• 0-14 years: 1,818,803,078 (29.92%)
  • male: 932,832,913 (15.35%)
  • female: 885,970,165 (14.57%)
• 15-64 years: 3,840,881,326 (63.19%)
  • male: 1,942,402,264 (31.95%)
  • female: 1,898,479,062 (31.23%)
• 65 years and over: 419,090,130 (6.89%)
  • male: 184,072,470 (3.03%)
  • female: 235,017,660 (3.87%) ( 2000 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.3% (2000 est.)

Birth rate: 22 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)

Sex ratio:

• at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
• under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
• 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
• total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 54 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

• total population: 64 years

• male: 62 years
• female: 65 years (2000 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.8 children born/woman (2000 est.)

11 Government

The worldwide general international organization is the United Nations. The United Nations is primarily an international discussion forum with only limited ability to pass and enforce laws.

Administrative divisions: 267 nations, dependent areas, other, and miscellaneous entries

12 Descriptions of Earth

Earth has often been personified as a deity, in particular a goddess. See Gaia and Mother Earth. In Norse mythology, Jord, the mother of Thor himself, was the daughter of Annar.

Earth has also been described as a massive spaceship, with a life support system that requires maintenance. See Spaceship Earth .

Since Earth is rather large, it is not immediately obvious to the naked eye viewing from the surface that it is an oblate spheroid, bulging slightly at the equator and slightly flattened at the poles. In the past there were varying levels of belief in a flat Earth because of this. Prior to the introduction of space flight, this belief was countered with deductions based on observations of the secondary effects of the earth's shape and parallels drawn with the shape of other planets.

In science fiction the Earth is frequently the capital or a major administrative center of a hypothetical galactic government (especially when that galactic government is postulated to be human-dominated), often a representative federal republic, though empires and dictatorships are definitely not unseen. Notable are Star Trek and Babylon 5. However, in other science fiction, people from the future no longer remember what planet they originally came from (for example, Battlestar Galactica and The Foundation Series).

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Earth (classical element)Earth is one of the four classical elements in ancient Greek philosophy and science. Earth is considered to be both cold and dry, and according to Plato is associated with the cube. Earth is, not surprisingly, the element seen as denoting material possess EarthEarth also known as the Earth or Terra is the planet on which we live, the third planet outward from the Sun. It is the largest of the solar system's terrestrial planets, and the only planetary body that modern science confirms as harbouring life. The pla EarthdawnEarthdawn is a fantasy role-playing game produced originally by FASA. It has since been licensed to Living Room Games, which produced the second edition, and RedBrick Limited, a company that is producing the 'Classic' line. The game is similar to fantasy Earth Liberation FrontThe Earth Liberation Front ELF is a loosely-knit eco-defense (friendly term) or eco-terrorist (unfriendly term) organization that, according to the ELF, "uses direct action in the form of economic sabotage to stop the exploitation and destruction of the n EarthwormEarthworm is the common reference for the larger members of the Oligochaeta (which is either a class or subclass depending on the author) in the phylum Annelida. In classical systems they were placed in the order Opisthopora on the basis of the male pores EarthquakeAn earthquake is a trembling or shaking movement of the Earth's surface. Earthquakes typically result from the movement of faults, quasi-planar zones of deformation within its uppermost layers. The word earthquake is also widely used to indicate the sourc Earth terminal complex Earth observation satellite Earthling Earth science Earth: Final Conflict Earth sheltering Earth Summit 2002 Earth Simulator Earth orbit