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It has been the only party to rule South Africa since 1994. It lost some support in the 1999 elections, but subsequently gained support in 2004.
Formed initially to oppose the passage of the 1913 Land Act, the ANC from its inception represented both traditional and modern elements, from tribal chiefs to church and community bodies and educated black professionals, though women were only admitted as affiliate members from 1931 and as full members in 1943.
The formation of the ANC Youth League in 1944 by Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, and Oliver Tambo heralded a new generation committed to building non-violent mass action against the legal underpinnings of the white minority's supremacy. In 1947Events January January 1 British mines nationalized January 1 Nigeria gains limited autonomy January 1 The Canadian Citizenship Act went into effect January 3 Proceedings of the United States Congress are televised for the first time. January 10 United Na the ANC allied with the Natal Indian Congress and Transvaal Indian congress , broadening the basis of its opposition to the government.
The return of an AfrikanerAfrikaner s are white South Africans predominantly of Calvinist Dutch, German, French Huguenot and Belgian descent who speak Afrikaans. Some settlers from other parts of Europe (e. Scandinavia and Britain) also joined the ranks of the Afrikaners. Non-Euro-led National PartySouth African political parties The National Party (sometimes called the Nationalists or Nats was the governing party of South Africa from 1948 to 1994. Its policies included apartheid, establishing a republic and the promotion of Afrikaner culture. Found government by the overwhelmingly white electorate in 19481948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 Nationalisation of UK railways to form British Railways. Arab militants lay siege to the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. First day of the Ital signaled the advent of the policy of apartheidApartheid ap-ar-taed is an Afrikaans word meaning "separation" or literally "aparthood" (or "apartness"). It was the name of the policy and the system of laws implemented and enforced by "White" minority governments in South Africa from 1948 till 1990. (Afrikaans, "separateness" of the races, or political and social segregationRacial segregation is a kind of formalized or institutionalized discrimination on the basis of race, characterized by their separation from each other. The separation may be geographical, but is usually supported by providing services through separate ins of black and white people). During the 1950sCenturies: 19th century 20th century 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Years: 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 Events and trends Technology United States tests the first fusion bomb. non-whites were moved from electoral rolls, residence and mobility laws were tightened and political activities restricted.
In June 1952Summary of notable events in 1952 . Events January events January 8 West Germany has 8 million refugees inside its borders. January 24 Sudden heavy snowfall in Algeria. January 24 Vincent Massey sworn in as first Canada-born Governor-General of Canada. the ANC joined with other anti-apartheid organisations in a "Defiance Campaign" against the restriction of political, labour and residential rights, during which protesters deliberately violated oppressive laws, following the example of Mohandas Gandhi's passive resistance in Natal and India. The campaign was called off in April 1953 after new laws prohibiting protest meetings.
In June 1955 the "Congress of the People" organised by the ANC and Indian, Coloured and white organisations at Kliptown near Johannesburg, adopted the Freedom Charter, henceforth the fundamental document of the anti-apartheid struggle with its demand for equal rights for all regardless of race. As opposition to the regime's policies continued, 156 leading members of the ANC and allied organisations were arrested in 1956: the resulting "Treason Trial" ended in their acquittal five years later.
In 1959, a number of members broke away from the ANC because they objected to the ANC's non-racist policies. They formed the rival Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), led by Robert Sobukwe.
The ANC planned a campaign against the Pass Laws (which required blacks to carry an identity card at all times to justify their presence in "white" areas) which was to begin on March 31 1960. The PAC decided to pre-empt the ANC, by holding protests on March 21. During a peaceful protest organized by the PAC on March 21, 69 protesters were shot by police in what became known as the Sharpeville Massacre.
In the aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre, the ANC and PAC were banned from political activity.
International opposition to the regime increased throughout the 1950s and 1960s, fueled by the growing number of newly-independent nations and the civil rights movement in the United States. In 1960 the leader of the ANC, Albert Luthuli, won the Nobel Peace Prize, a feat that would be repeated in 1993 by Nelson Mandela.
Now underground or in exile, the ANC leadership came to the conclusion that armed means had become a legitimate means of resistance, and in 1961 Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) was created to carry out armed attacks against the government. Its commander, Mandela, was however arrested in 1962 and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 along with Sisulu and other ANC leaders.
With apartheid ever more evidently untenable, the ANC and PAC were unbanned by president F.W. de Klerk on February 2, 1990. In April 1994, the ANC won a landslide victory in the country's first non-racial elections and the party has ruled the country in a series of voluntary coalitions with the New National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party, under presidents Nelson Mandela and (since June 1999) Thabo Mbeki. It also rules eight of the country's nine provinces.
In the late 1990s, the Saudi king Fahd gave the African National Congress US$50 million.
The ANC can be described as the parliamentary wing of a tripartite alliance between itself, the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party. By 2001, this alliance was evidently showing signs of strain as the ANC moved to more liberal economic policies than its alliance partners were prepared to accommodate.
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