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| University of Tartu | |
|---|---|
| Data | |
| Estonian | Tartu Ülikool |
| Latin | Universitas Tartuensis |
| Established | 1632 |
| Location | Tartu, Estonia ( EU) |
| Enrolment | circa 18,500 |
| Rector | Prof. Jaak Aaviksoo |
| Address | Ülikooli 18 50090 Tartu Estonia |
| Phone | +372-737-5100 |
| proffice@ut.ee | |
| Homepage | http://www.ut.ee |
| Membership | EUA, Coimbra Group |
| Map | |
Tartu in Estonia | |
The University of Tartu (Estonian: Tartu Ülikool) is the national university of Estonia, and the one classical university in Estonia, located in the city of Tartu. The University of Tartu is a member of the Coimbra Group, and was established by King Gustav II Adolph of Sweden in 1632.
The University of Tartu was formerly known as Academia Gustaviana, University of Dorpat, (Kaiserliche) Universität (zu) Dorpat), and University of Yuryev/Jurjev.
Founded by the Swedes as part of their colonial policy in just-conquered Livonia, the Academia Gustaviana was the second university founded in Sweden, following Uppsala University. A precursor to the academy had been a Jesuit grammar school, existing between 1583 and 1601, when Tartu (Dorpat) was under Polish rule. Struggling until 1710Events Enactment of the world's first copyright legislation, Britain's Act for the Encourage of Learning (short title) Ongoing events Great Northern War ( 1700- 1721) War of the Spanish Succession ( 1702- 1713) Births January 4 Giovanni Battista Pergolesi and being removed to PärnuParnu is a city on the Baltic Sea coast in southern Estonia. Some consider the city a great summer vacation resort with many hotels, restaurants and large swimming beaches. Through the city flows a river having the same name, Parnu. Before 1918, the city in the end, the university was refounded in 1802Events March 16 West Point is established. March 25/ 27 Treaty of Amiens between France and United Kingdom ends the War of the Second Coalition. March 28 H. Olbers discovers the asteroid Pallas. May 19 Napoleon Bonaparte establishes the French legion d'ho by order of the at that time reform-minded Emperor Alexander I of Russia, to which Livonia then belonged, as Dorpat.
The language of instruction at Dorpat was German between 1802 and 1893. During that time, Dorpat had a dual nature in that it belonged both into the set of German(-language) and Russian universities. Financially and administratively, the latter was more important; intellectually and regarding the professoriate, the former (over half the professors came from Germany, another third at least were German Balts). In fact, among the 30 German-language universities, of which 23 were inside the German Empire, Dorpat was the 11th in size. In teaching, the university educated the local Baltic-German leadership and professional classes, as well as personnel especially for the administration and health system of the entire Russian Empire. In scholarship, this was an international university; the time between 1860 and 1880 is the "golden age".
The freedom to be a half-German university ceased with the rise of nationalist tendencies in Russia, which held homogenization more important than retaining one university on the international level within the Empire. Between 1882 and 1898, Russification in language, appointments, etc. was imposed, with some exceptions (such as the Divinity School, which was feared to teach dangerous Protestant views by the Orthodox clergy and thus was allowed to continue in German until 1916). In 1898, the university was renamed Jurjev; by then, virtually all distinguished scholars from the German Empire had left. The University of Yuryev existed until 1918, when during part of the Fall Term, it was reopened, under German occupation, as Dorpat. Russian academic staff and students took refuge in Voronezh in Russia, giving rise to the foundation of Voronezh State University, which traces its own history back to the foundation of the University of Tartu, and which still holds several physical propertries of the latter.
In 1919, the University of Tartu was established as an Estonian institution; it stayed open until 1940. In 1940, it became Soviet, and 1941-44, it was again under German occupation and thus again called Dorpat. Since 1944, it has been the University of Tartu (1940-1941 and 1944- 1989 "Tartu State University"). During the second period of Russian (Soviet) occupation (1944- 1991), Estonian was the principal language of instruction, although some courses were taught in Russian, and there were several Russian curricula. To a lesser degree, this is still true today, after regaining of Estonian national independence. The full regaining of academic autonomy of the University can be dated to 1992.
The history of the last decade has been marked by organizational and structural changes, as well as adaptions to various university models (American, Scandinavian, German) on the background of the Soviet and even Baltic German past. Most recently and still currently, the University is marked by the peculiar adaption of the Bologna declaration in Estonia generally and Tartu particularly, leading to severe changes in curricula and studies, as well as by strong organizational centralization attempts.
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