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The Achaemenid Dynasty was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus II the Great, Darius I and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories roughly emcompassing some parts of Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Pakistan, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Armenia, Central Asia, Caucasia and the Asian portion of Turkey.
At different times, the Achaemenids also ruled Egypt, although the Egyptians twice regained their independence from Persia. After the practice of ManethoManetho or Manethon of Sebennytos, (ca. 3rd century BC) was a Hellenistic Egyptian historian and a priest of Serapis in Heliopolis during the reigns of Ptolemy I and Ptolemy II. His magnum opus, Aegyptiaca written in Greek, which he wrote to contest error, EgyptianAncient Egypt appeared as a unified state sometime around 3300 BC. It survived as an independent state until about 1300 BC. Archeological evidence indicates that a developed Egyptian society has existed for much longer. Ongoing excavation in Egypt continu historians refer to the period in Egypt when the Achaemenid dynasty ruled as the Twenty-seventh ( 525 - 404 BCCenturies: 6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BC Decades: 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC 400s BC 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC Years: 409 BC 408 BC 407 BC 406 BC 405 BC 404 BC 403 BC 402 BC 401 BC 400 BC 399 BC Events Athens capi) and Thirty-first Dynasties ( 343Centuries: 5th century BC 4th century BC 3rd century BC Decades: 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 348 BC 347 BC 346 BC 345 BC 344 BC 343 BC 342 BC 341 BC 340 BC 339 BC 338 BC Events Egypt is invaded b- 332 BCCenturies: 5th century BC 4th century BC 3rd century BC Decades: 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 337 BC 336 BC 335 BC 334 BC 333 BC 332 BC 331 BC 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC 326 BC Events Alexander the Grea).
The last Achaemenid king was Darius III ( 336 BCCenturies: 5th century BC 4th century BC 3rd century BC Decades: 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 341 BC 340 BC 339 BC 338 BC 337 BC 336 BC 335 BC 334 BC 333 BC 332 BC 331 BC Events King Philip II of - 330 BC), who was defeated by Alexander III of Macedon. After the Macedonian conquest, the Persian Empire was annexed by Alexander.
