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As the second son of Afonso III of Portugal, Afonso was not expected to inherit the throne, which was thought destined to his brother Sancho. He lived mostly in France, were he married the heiress Matilda in 1238, thus becoming count of Boulogne. In 1246, the conflicts between his brother the king and the church became unbearable. The pope Innocent IV then ordered Sancho II to be removed from the throne and be replaced by the count of Bolougne. Afonso II, of course, did not refuse the papal order and marched to Portugal. Since Sancho was not a popular king, the order was not hard to enforce. Sancho was exiled in Castile and Afonso III became king in 1247. To ascend the throne, he abdicated from the county of Boulogne
and divorced Matilda. Determined not to commit the same mistakes as his brother, Afonso III paid special attention to what the middle class composed of merchants and small land owners had to say. In 1254, in the city of Leiria, Afonso III held the first session of the Cortes, the kingdom's general assembly, comprising the nobility, the middle class and representatives of all municipalities. He also made laws intended to restrain the upper classes from abusing the least favoured part of the population. Remembered as a notable administrator, Afonso III founded several towns, granted the title of city to many others and reorganized public administration.
Secured in the throne, Afonso III then proceeded to make war with the Muslim communities that still thrived in the south. In his reign AlgarveThe Algarve is the name of the southern coast of Portugal, incorporating, amongst others, the towns of Faro, Lagos, and Sagres. The region's administrative centre is the town of Faro, which has its own international airport. The Algarve is composed of 5,4 became part of the kingdom following the capture of FaroFaro is a city in Portugal; see Faro, Portugal a town in Yukon, Canada; see Faro, Yukon. a card game; see Faro (card-game) an island in Sweden; see Faro a god in Mande mythology; see Faro (mythology) a Belgian beer brewed in Brussels and based on another - Portugal thus becoming the first Iberian Kingdom to complete his ReconquistaThe Reconquista ( Spanish and Portuguese for reconquest was the conquest of the Moorish kingdoms of Spain and Portugal by Christian rulers, culminating on January 2, 1492 when Ferdinand and Isabella, Los Reyes Catolicos ("The Catholic Monarchs"), expelled. Following the successful war against the Moors, Afonso III had to deal with a political situation arising from the borders with Castile. The neighbouring kingdom considered that the newly acquired lands of Algarve should be Castilian, not Portuguese. This fact led to a series of wars between the countries. Finally, in 1267Events Roger Bacon's Opus Majus Mongol built its Grand Capital in Beijing Births Emperor Go-Uda of Japan Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) 1267., a treaty was signed in BadajozBadajoz the capital of the Spanish province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, is situated close to the Portuguese frontier, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid- Lisbon railway. The population in 1990 was 126,781; in, determining that the southern border between Castile and Portugal should be the river GuadianaGuadiana (Latin Anas Spanish Guadiana Portuguese Guadiana one of the major rivers of Spain, part of it is the border with Portugal, ends in the Atlantic Ocean. Spanish rivers..
See also: Kings of Portugal family tree
| Preceded by: Sancho II | King of Portugal | Succeeded by: Denis |
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopędia Britannica. 1911 Britannica
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