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Abu Aamir Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abi Aamir, Al-Hajib Al-Mansur أبو عامر محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي عامر الحاجب المنصور (c. 938- August 8, 1002) was the de facto ruler of Al-Andalus in late 10th - early 11th centuries. His rule marked the peak of power for the Muslim Spain.
He was born Muhammad Ibn Abi Aamir into a noble Arab family in the area of Algeciras. First appearing at the court of Cordoba as a student of law and literature, he became manager of the estates of Prince Hisham.
In a few years he schemed his way from this humble position to considerable heights of influence, eliminating his political rivals in the process. Caliph Al-Hakam died in 976 and Ibn Abi Amir was instrumental in securing the succession of the young Hisham II, aged 12, to the throne. Two years later he became hajib (title similar to that of Grand Vizier in the Muslim East), or Prime Minister. During the following three years he consolidated his power, at the same time completely isolating the young Caliph from the outside world in his new palace of al-Madina az-Zahira.
In 981, upon his return to Cordoba from the battle in which he crushed his last remaining rival (and father-in-law, Uthman al-Mushafi ), he assumed the title of Al-Mansur bi-llah, Victorious by Grace of God. In Christian Europe this was referred to as Almanzor.
His grip to power within Al-Andalus was now absolute and he dedicated himself to military campaigns against the Christian states of the peninsula. He organized and attended 57 campaigns, and was victorious in all of them.
Although he mainly fought against León and CastileA former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. Previously an eastern county of the kingdom of Leon, Castile in the 11th century became an independent realm, in 985Events Barcelona sacked by Al-Mansur Greenland colonized by Icelandic Viking Erik the Red (the date is according to legend but has been established as at least approximately correct see History of Greenland) Births Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, later sixth Fatim he sacked BarcelonaCoat of arms of Barcelona Flag of Barcelona Barcelona within Barcelones Population ( 2003)1,582,738 Area100'4 Km2 Population density ( 2001)15,764/Km2 Barcelona is the capital of Catalonia, an autonomous region in northeastern Spain (41º 23' N, 2º 11' E). and in 997Events City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V Births Deaths Saint Adalbert of Prague, martyrdom 997., Santiago de CompostelaThe Obradoiro facade of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela on the Spanish €0. 05 coin Santiago de Compostela (2002 pop. 93,273), the " European City of Culture" for the year 2000, is located in the north west region of Spain in the province of A in GaliciaComunidade Autonoma de Galicia Capital Santiago de Compostela Official languages Galician and Castilian Area total % of Spain Ranked 7th 29 574 km² 5,8% Population Total (2003) % of Spain Density Ranked 5th 2 737 370 6,5% 92,36/km² Demonym English Galicia, although sparing the tomb of St. James the Apostle. He also battled against Navarra.
He married Abda, daughter of Sancho Garcés king of Navarra, who bore him a son by the name of Abd al-Rahman. He was commonly known as Sanchuelo (Little Sancho, in Arabic: Shanjoul).
His victories in the north prompted the Christian rulers of the Peninsula into an alliance against him (ca. 1000). It is fighting this alliance that he spent his last years, until his death, in 1002, on his way back to Cordoba after an attack on the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla. Almanzor died in the village of Salem, close to Medinaceli in the actual Spanish province of Soria, where his tomb lies.
He was succeeded by his son Abd al-Malik, who continued to rule Al-Andalus as hajib until his death in 1008.
After Abd al-Malik, his ambitious half brother Sanchuelo took over, who tried to take the Caliphate for himself from Hisham, thus plunging the country into a civil war and disintegrating it into rival taifa kingdoms the Christians had no trouble conquering one at a time.
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