 |
Business | Industries | Finance | Tax |
| Index: > A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
|
|||||
Of these alcohols, the first four are primary, the last one a tertiary, the other three secondary alcohols; see alcohol structure for explanations of these terms. Three of them, active amyl alcohol, methyl (n) propyl carbinol, and methyl isopropyl carbinol, contain an asymmetric carbon atom and can consequently each exist in two optically active, and one optically inactive form.
The most important is isobutyl carbinol, this being the chief constituent of fermentation amyl alcohol, and consequently a constituent of fusel oil. It may be separated from fusel oil by shaking with strong brine solution, separating the oily layer from the brine layer and distilling it, the portion boiling between 125°C and 140°C. being collected. For further purification it may be shaken with hot lime water, the oily layer separated, dried with calcium chloride and fractionated, the fraction boiling between 128°C and 132°C only being collected. It may be synthetically prepared from isobutyl alcohol by conversion into isovaleryl-aldehyde, which is subsequently reduced to isobutyl carbinol by means of sodium amalgam.
It is a colourless liquid of specific gravity 0.8248 (0°C), boiling at 131.6°C, slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene. It possesses a characteristic strong smell and a sharp burning taste. When perfectly pure, it is not a poison, although the impure product is. On passing its vapour through a red-hot tube, it undergoes decomposition with production of
acetylene, ethyleneProperties General Name Ethene Chemical formula C H C H Formula weight 28. 05 amu Synonyms Ethylene, Olefiant gas CAS number 74-85-1 UN number 1038 Phase behavior Melting point 104 K (-169. 1 °C) Boiling point 169. 7°C) Thermal decomposition ? K (?°C) Tri, propylenePropylene also known as propene is a colorless flammable gas with chemical formula C H having a garlic odor. It is found in coal gas and can be synthesized by cracking petroleum., etc. It is oxidized by chromic acidIn chemistry, chromic acid is a chromium compound, yet to be isolated, that would have the formula HCrO. There is a related acid, also yet to be isolated called dichromic acid with the formula HCrO. While these acids are not available, they are known thromixture to isovaleryl-aldehyde; and it forms crystalline addition compounds with calcium and stannic chloride s.
The other amyl alcohols may be obtained synthetically. Of these, tertiary butyl carbinol has been the most difficult to obtain, its synthesis having only been accomplished in
1891Events January 1 ? Paying of old age pensions begins in Germany January 20 James Hogg becomes the first native Texan to be governor of that state. January 29 Liliuokalani proclaimed Queen of Hawaii March 9 ? 12 ? Powerful storm off England?s south coast;, by L. Tissier (Comptes Rendus, 1891, 112, p. 1065)by the reduction of a mixture of trimethyl acetic acid and trimethylacetyl chloride with sodium amalgam. It is a solid which melts at 48-50°C and boils at 112.3°C.
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911 Britannica
Alcohols| Politics | Business | Finance |
 |
 |
 |
|