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A lofty isolated ridge formed its acropolis. Though some of the masonry in the ruins is certainly pre-Roman, the Suda's identification of it with Cyinda , famous as a treasure city in the wars of Eumenes of Cardia, cannot be accepted in the face of Strabo's express location of Cyinda in western Cilicia.
Under the early Roman empire the place was known as Caesarea, and was the metropolis of Cilicia Secunda . Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake, it became Justinopolis ( 525); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I , king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.
Its great natural strength and situation, not far from the mouth of the Sis pass , and near the great road which debouched from the Cilician Gates, made Anazarbus play a considerable part in the struggles between the Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire was the eastern section of the Roman Empire, with its capital at Constantinople (modern Istanbul), which remained in existence after the fall of Rome in the 5th century. The Byzantine period is usually consider and the early Moslem invaders. It had been rebuilt by Harun al-RashidHarun al-Rashid ( Arabic also spelled Harun ar-Rashid Haroun al-Rashid or Haroon al Rasheed English: Aaron the Upright; ca. 763 809) was the fifth and most famous Abbasid Caliph. Ruling from 786 until 809, his reign and the fabulous court over which he he in 796Events December Coenwulf becomes king of Mercia. Charlemagne defeats the Avars. Births Deaths July 26 Offa, king of Mercia Ecgfrith, king of Mercia 796., refortified at great expense by Saif addaula , the Hamdanid (10th century) and sacked, and ruined by the crusaders.
The present wall of the lower city is of late construction, probably Armenian. It encloses a mass of ruins conspicuous in which are a fine triumphal archA triumphal arch is a structure in the shape of a monumental gate, usually built to celebrate a victory in war. This tradition dates back to Ancient Rome and the tradition of the Roman triumphes. A number of arches from the city's imperial era can still b, the colonnades of two streets, a gymnasiumThe gymnasium of the Greeks originally functioned as the school where competitors in the public games received their training, and was so named from the circumstance that these competitors exercised naked gymnos . Etymology of gymnasium The word gymnasium, etc. A stadium and a theatre lie outside on the south. The remains of the acropolis fortifications are very interesting, including roads and ditches hewn in the rock; but beyond ruins of two churches and a fine tower built by Thoros I. There are no notable structures in the upper town. For picturesqueness the site is not equalled in Cilicia, and it is worthwhile to trace the three fine aqueductThis article is about the structure aqueduct, for the racecourse see Aqueduct Racetrack. An aqueduct is an artificial (man-made) channel that is constructed to convey water (properly called a canal) from one location to another. Many aqueducts are raiseds to their sources.
A visit in December, 2002 showed that the three aqueducts mentioned above have been nearly completely destroyed. Only small, isolated sections are left standing with the largest portion lying in a pile of rubble that stretches the length of where the aqueducts once stood. A powerful earthquake that struck the area in 1945 is thought to be responsible for the destruction.
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopędia Britannica. 1911 Britannica
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