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This animation moves at 10 frames per second.

This animation moves at 2 frames per second. At this rate, the individual frames should be discernable.

Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.

GIF is a graphics file format that allows animation to be viewed on a computer. Another format called Flash, created by Macromedia, allows for animation to be viewed over the Internet.

1 Overview

Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized (some say exploited) by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television. It is also the basis of anime.

Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animationIndependent animation is a term used to describe animated short cartoons and feature films produced outside the professional Hollywood animation inudstry. Because animation is very time-consuming and expensive to produce, the vast majority of animated pro has existed at least since the 1950sCenturies: 19th century 20th century 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Years: 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 Events and trends Technology United States tests the first fusion bomb., with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.


2 History of animation

Main article: History of animationThe history of film animation begins with the earliest days of silent film and continues through the present day. The first animated cartoon was from French Emile Reynaud, that created praxynoscope, animation system of 12 pictures, and films of about 500

The history of film animation begins with the earliest days of silent filmA silent film is a film which has no accompanying soundtrack. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as the motion picture itself, but before the late 1920s, most films were silent. The years before sound came to the mo and continues through the present day. The first animated cartoon was from Frenchman Émile Reynaudmile Reynaud ( December 8, 1844 January 9, 1918) was a french science teacher, responsible for the first animation films. He created the praxinoscope in 1877 and Theatre optique in 1889, and projected the first animated film, the October 28 1892 at Musee, who created praxynoscope, animation system of 12 pictures, and films of about 500~600 pictures, projected on its own théatre optique , system near from modern film projector, at Musée Grévin in ParisEiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. Paris is the capital and largest city of France. The city is built on an arc of the River Seine, and is thus divided into two parts: the Right Bank to the north and the smaller Left Bank to, FranceThe French Republic or France ( French: Republique francaise or France is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents., the october 28, 1892.

The first animated cartoon on modern picture film projector was Fantasmagorie by the French director Émile Courtet (also called Émile Cohl), projected for the first time August 17, 1908 at ' Théâtre du Gymnase ', in Paris. Émile Courtet went to Fort Lee, New York near New York City in 1912, where he worked for French studio Éclair and spread its technique in the US.

The first animated feature-length film was El Apóstol (1917) from Argentine Quirino Cristiani, shown in Argentina. Because the history of animation as an art form has undergone many changes in its hundred-year history, it is examined in detail in the History of animation series.





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