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It is situated upon a steep, rocky hill, which rises 500 ft. above the plain, on the left bank of the Enguri Su, a tributary of the Sakaria (Sangarius), about 220 m. E.S.E. of Constantinople. The hill is crowned by the ruins of the old citadel, which add to the picturesqueness of the view; but the town is not well built, its streets being narrow and many of its houses constructed of sun-dried mud bricks; there are, however, many fine remains of Graeco-Roman and Byzantine architecture, the most remarkable being the temple of Rome and Augustus, on the walls of which is the famous Monumentum Ancyranum.
Ankara is an important commercial and industrial city. It also serves as the marketing center for the surrounding agricultural area. Before becoming a capital, the city was famous for its long-haired goats and their wool ( Angora wool).
Centrally located in Anatolia, Ankara is an important crossroads both figuratively of trade, and literally of Turkey's highway and rail network.
It is home to the Middle East Technical University (METU), Hacettepe University, Ankara University , Gazi Üniversitesi , Bilkent University and some others more. The National Library, the Archaeological Museum and the Ethnographical Museum are located in Ankara, and is home to the state theater and the Presidential Philharmonic Orchestra. The mausoleum of Kemal Atatürk, the most important figure in twentieth century Turkish history, is also located in Ankara.
Since Ankara became the capital of Turkey, new development has divided the city into an old section, called Ulus, and new section, called Yenisehir. Ancient buildings reflecting Roman, Byzatine, and Ottoman history and narrow winding streets mark the old section. The new section has the trappings of a more modern city: wide streets, hotels, theaters, shopping malls, and apartment buildings. Government offices and foreign embassies are also located in the new section.
The reference to Fatih University above is wrong. That University is in Istanbul as can be seen from its own entry, please correct.
This section is adapted from 1911 Encyclopedia, and is probably out of date and not NPOV. It is also a little confusing. Fix as needed.
Originally a large and prosperous Phrygian city on the Persian Royal Road , Ankara became the center of the Tectosages , one of the three Celtic tribes that settled permanently in GalatiaAncient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia (now Turkey). Galatia was bounded on the north by Bithynia and Paphlagonia, on the east by Pontus, on the south by Lycaonia and Cappadocia, and on the west by the remainder of Phrygia, the e about 232 BCCenturies: 4th century BC 3rd century BC 2nd century BC Decades: 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC Years: 237 BC 236 BC 235 BC 234 BC 233 BC 232 BC 231 BC 230 BC 229 BC 228 BC 227 BC Events King Agron. The Celtic occupation caused the city's status to be damaged, and the town shrank to a mere village inhabited chiefly by the old native population.
In 189 BCCenturies: 3rd century BC 2nd century BC 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC Years: 194 BC 193 BC 192 BC 191 BC 190 BC 189 BC 188 BC 187 BC 186 BC 185 BC 184 BC Events Rome conque, the RomanSee also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). The Roman Republic traditionally lasted as a representative government of Rome and its territories from 510 BC until the establishment of the Roman Empire, typically placed at 44 BC ConsulFor modern diplomatic consuls see Consulate general. Consul (abbrev. was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire. Under the Republic, the minimum age of election to consul for patricians was 40 years of a Gnaeus Manlius Vulso occupied Ankara, and made it his headquarters in his operations against the Galatians. In 63 BCCenturies: 2nd century BC 1st century BC 1st century Decades: 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC Years: 68 BC 67 BC 66 BC 65 BC 64 BC 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC Events Roman conquest of Palestine; the p PompeyThis article refers to the Roman General. However, Pompey is also the nickname of the city of Portsmouth in Hampshire, England, and also of its principal football club, Portsmouth F. Pompey is not to be confused with the Roman city of Pompeii. Gnaeus Pomp placed it (together with the Tectosagan territory) under one chief, and it continued under native rule until it became the capital of the Emperial Roman60 and 400 with major cities. During this time only Dacia and Mesopotamia were added to the Empire but were lost before 300. The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman state in the centuries following its reorganization under t province of Galatia in 25 BC under emperor Augustus Caesar
By this time the population included Greeks, Jews, Romans and Romanized Gauls, but the town was not yet Hellenized , though Greek was spoken. Strabo (c. AD 19) calls it not a city, but a fortress, implying that it had none of the institutions of a Graeco-Roman city.
Inscriptions and coins show that its civilization consisted of a layer of Roman ideas and customs superimposed on Celtic tribal characteristics, and that it is not until c. 150 that the true Hellenic spirit begins to appear. Christianity was introduced (from the north or northwest) perhaps as early as the 1st century, but there is no shred of evidence that the Ancyran Church (first mentioned 192) was founded by St. Paul or that he ever visited northern Galatia. The real greatness of the town dates from the time when Constantinople became the metropolis of the Roman world: then its geographical situation raised it to a position of importance which it retained throughout the middle ages.
Both Persians and Arabs attacked Ankara during its period as a city of the Byzantine Empire. Seljuk Turks conquered Ankara around 1073. Although crusader Raymond IV of Toulouse drove them out in 1101, the Byzantines lost control, and Seljuks and their rivals battled for possession of the city.
Orhan I, second bey of the Ottoman Empire captured the city in 1356. Turkic leader Timur Lenk besieged Ankara as part of his campaign in Anatolia, but in 1403 Ankara was again in control of the Ottomans, where it stayed until the end of World War IAt the close of World War I, Turkey was under control of the Ottoman sultan and was being invaded by Greek forces. The leader of the Turkish nationalists, Kemal Atatürk established the headquarters of his resistance movement in Ankara in 1919 (See Turkish War of Independence). Turkey was declared a republic in 1923 and Ankara replaced Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) as the capital of the new country.
See also: Synod of Ancyra
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911 Britannica
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