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Cooper, born in Dorset County, suffered the death of both his parents at a young age and was raised by relatives and family friends, while being subjected to financial mulcting through the neo-feudal Court of Wards. He inherited baronetcies from both his father and his maternal grandfather, Anthony Ashley. Educated largely by Puritan tutors, he attended Exeter College at Oxford. While there he fomented a minor riot and left without taking a degree; nevertheless, he was admitted into Lincoln's Inn.
Sir Anthony was elected to the Short Parliament for the borough of Tewkesbury in Gloucestershire, where his family owned land. He was elected to the Long Parliament for Poole in his native Dorset. But Denzil Holles, soon to rise to prominence as a leader of the opposition to the king and a personal rival of Sir Anthony's, blocked his admission to the parliament. It was probably feared that Sir Anthony, as a result of his recent marriage to the daughter of Charles ICharles I ( 19 November 1600 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625, until his death. He famously engaged in a struggle for power with Parliament; he was an advocate of the divine right of kings, but his foes in Parl's Lord Keeper Coventry, would be too sympathetic to the king.
When the Civil WarThe English Civil War is the period of conflict in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland between 1639 and 1651, and also refers specifically to the two wars ( 1642 1645 and 1648 1649) between the Royalist supporters of Charles I of England and the began, Sir Anthony supported the king (somewhat echoing Holles's concerns), but changed sides soon afterward, citing the king's policies as being "destructive to religion and State." He eventually joined Cromwell'sOliver Cromwell ( April 25, 1599 September 3, 1658) was an English military leader and politician. After leading the overthrow of the British monarchy he ruled England, Scotland and Ireland as Lord Protector from December 16, 1653 until his death, which i Council of StateThe Council of State is the name of an organ of government in many states, and especially in republics. The name Council of State is applied to different types of bodies in different states, from the formal name for the cabinet to a non-executive advisory, but resigned in 1655Events New Sweden (Delaware) attacked and captured by Dutch forces. March 25 Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens. April 7 Fabio Chigi becomes Pope Alexander VII April Admiral Robert Blake severely damages the arsenal of the Be, protesting against Cromwell's dictatorial politics. Four years later, George MonckPeter Lely, painted 1665 1666. George Monk or Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle ( 6 December 1608 3 January 1670), second son of Sir Thomas Monk, a gentleman of good family but in embarrassed circumstances, was born at Potheridge, near Torrington, in Devonshir, a prominent royalist military officer, recruited Cooper in the Restoration of Charles II.
In October 1660, shortly after the Restoration's success, Sir Anthony was on the commission that controversially tried the Regicides (those who had participated in the trial and execution of Charles I). The commission eventually found ten surviving members guilty, and another four were posthumously convicted (their bodies were exhumed and hung publicly). One year later, he was created Baron Ashley and appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer.
In that position, Lord Ashley served on the Clarendon Ministry as one of its less prominent members; he frequently quarreled with the head of government, Lord Clarendon, especially upon matters of religious toleration (which Ashley supported but Clarendon opposed). In 1663, Ashley was one of eight Lords Proprietors given title to a huge tract of land in North America, which eventually became the Province of Carolina.
After the fall of Lord Clarendon in 1667, Lord Ashley became a prominent member of the Cabal, in which he formed the second "A". Ashley became Lord Chancellor in 1672, and was created Earl of Shaftesbury and Baron Cooper of Pawlett. He was also appointed First Lord of Trade. He would serve as Chancellor for one year, but would remain First Lord of Trade until 1676.
Due to his intriguing with the Duke of Monmouth against the succession of the Catholic Duke of York, Shaftesbury fell from favor, and became a leader of the radical Whigs. In 1681, Shaftesbury was charged with high treason, but the charges were later dismissed. Nonetheless, he fled to Holland, where he died two years later.
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