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Antonio López was born to lower-middle class parents in Xalapa, while Mexico was still known as the colony of New Spain. He joined the military, where he rose to the rank of lieutenant, at first taking part in attempts by the Spanish military to put down Mexican revolt, then switching sides and declaring loyalty to Agustín de Iturbide.
He rose to prominence by driving the Spanish forces out of the port city of Veracruz in 1821. Iturbide rewarded him with the rank of General and appointed him Governor of Veracruz. In 1823, however, Santa Anna was among the military leaders supporting the Plan de Casa Mata to overthrow Iturbide and declare Mexico a Republic.
In 1829Events January 8 Hanging of body-selling murderer William Burke his associate William Hare, who testified against him, is released January 19 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust premieres March 4 Andrew Jackson succeeds John Quincy Adams as the President o Spain made its final attempt to retake Mexico, landing a force of 3,000 soldiers at TampicoTampico is the main city in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico and the Gulf's main economic powerhouse. It is located at 22. 85°W, on the Gulf of Mexico. Tampico is an important sea port. The city was founded by Spain in 1554. In 2003 the estimated populatio. Santa Anna marched against them with a smaller force and defeated the Spaniards, many of whom were suffering from yellow feverYellow fever (also called black vomit or sometimes The American Plague is an acute viral disease. It is still an important cause of hemorrhagic illness in several African and South American countries despite existence of an effective vaccine. In the past. Santa Anna was declared a heroThis article is about the type of character. For other meanings, see Hero (disambiguation . Sir Galahad, a prototypical hero In many myths and folk tales, a hero is a man or woman (then often called a heroine , traditionally the protagonist of a story, le, which he much relished, and from then on he entitled himself The Victor of Tampico and The Savior of the Fatherland.
Santa Anna declared himself retired, "unless my country needs me". He decided he was needed when Anastasio BustamanteAnastasio Bustamante ( 1780- 1853) was President of Mexico from 1832 to 1833 and then from 1839 to 1841. He was a Conservative. He first came to power by leading a coup against president Vicente Guerrero. Bustamante was deposed twice, and exiled to Europe led a coup overthrowing and killing president Vicente GuerreroVicente Ramon Guerrero Saldana ( 10 August 1782 14 February 1831) was one of the leaders of Mexico's struggle for independence from Spain and an early President of Mexico. He was born in the small village of Tixtla, not far from the city of Acapulco, now.
Santa Anna seized power in the confusion and then was elected President in 1833Events January 3 Britain seizes control of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. June 6 U. President Andrew Jackson becomes the first President to ride a train. September 29 The infant Isabella II becomes Queen of Spain, under the regency of her mot. At first he had little interest in actually running the country, giving a free hand to his vice-president Valentín Gómez Farías , a liberal reformer.
Gómez Farías worked hard to root out corruption, which stepped on some powerful toes among the military and wealthy landowners. When these voiced their displeasure, Santa Anna dismissed Gómez Farías, declared the Constitution suspended, disbanded the Congress, and worked to concentrate power in the central government. This was applauded by some conservatives but met with considerable disapproval from other sectors.
The TexasTexas joined the United States of America as its 28th member state in 1845. It has the postal abbreviation TX . The state name derives from a word in a Caddoan language of the Hasinai, tejas meaning friends or allies Spanish explorers mistakenly applied t part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas went into rebellion in late 1835 declared itself independent in March 1836 (see Texas Revolution and Republic of Texas); Santa Anna marched north to bring the rebellious province back under his control. His forces defeated the Texians at the Battle of the Alamo, but Santa Anna was in turn defeated at the Battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna himself was captured by separatist forces the day after the battle on April 22, 1836. Santa Anna was forced to allow Texan independence, on the condition that Texas would remain independent and not accede to the USA. Back in Mexico City, a new government declared that Santa Anna was no longer President.
After some time in exile in the United States, in 1837 he was allowed to return to Mexico to retire at his hacienda.
In 1838 Santa Anna saw a chance to redeem himself when French forces invaded Mexico in the Pastry War. He engaged the French at Veracruz and, in the skirmishing, was hit by a cannon ball. As a result of his injuries, his leg was amputated. He ordered the limb buried with full military honors, and from then on at public events he would ride on horseback holding his wooden leg over his head as a symbol of his sacrifices for his country. Santa Anna held on to control of his troops after the French had left, at first in support of Bustamante, then declaring himself once again President.
Santa Anna's second rule was even more dictatorial than the first. His demands for ever greater taxes aroused ire, and several Mexican states simply stopped dealing with the central government, Yucatán and Laredo going so far as to declare themselves independent republics. In December 1844, opposition had reached the point where Santa Anna decided it was wise to accept an offer (in the interests of avoiding a civil war) to renounce all claims to the Presidency and go into exile in exchange for a generous pension. Santa Anna then moved to Cuba.
In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico. Santa Anna wrote to Mexico City saying he no longer had aspirations to the presidency but would eagerly use his military experience to fight off foreign invasion of Mexico as he had in the past. President Gómez Farías was desperate enough to accept the offer and allowed Santa Anna to return. Meanwhile, Santa Anna had secretly been dealing with representatives of the USA, pledging that if he were allowed back in Mexico through the blockades, he would work to sell all contested territory to the United States at a reasonable price. Once back in Mexico at the head of an army, Santa Anna reneged on both of these agreements. Santa Anna declared himself president again and unsuccessfully tried to fight off the United States invasion (see Mexican-American War).
Santa Anna went into exile in Venezuela. In 1853 he was invited back by rebellious conservatives, with whom he succeeded in retaking the government. This reign was no better than his earlier ones. He funneled government funds to his own pockets, sold more territory to the United States (see Gadsden Purchase), and declared himself dictator for life with the title Most Serene Highness.
Despite his generous pay-offs to the military for loyalty, by 1855 even his conservative allies had had enough of Santa Anna, and he fled back to Cuba. As the extent of his corruption became known he was tried in absentia for treason and all his estates confiscated. He then lived in exile in Cuba, the United States, Venezuela, and St. Thomas. During his time in New York City he is credited as bringing the first shipments of chicle, the base of chewing gum, to the United States, but he failed to profit from this since his plan was to use the chicle to replace rubber in carriage tires, which was tried without success. Santa Anna was a passionate fan of the bloody sport of cockfighting. He would invite breeders from all over the world for matches and is known to have spend tens of thousands of dollars on prize roosters.
In 1874 he took advantage of a general amnesty and returned to Mexico.
He died two years later in poverty and obscurity in Mexico City.
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