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The largest artery in the human body, the aorta originates from the left ventricle of the heart and brings oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation.
The initial part of the aorta, the ascending aorta, rises out of the left ventricle, from which it is separated by the aortic valve. The two coronary arteries of the heart arise from the aortic root, just above the cusps of the aortic valve.
The aorta then arches back over the right pulmonary artery. Three vessels come out of the aortic arch, the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. These vessels supply blood to the head and the arms.
The aorta then descends to go down the trunk of the body. The portion above the diaphragm (in the thorax) is called the thoracic aorta and the portion below it (in the abdomenThe abdomen (from the Latin word meaning "belly") is the part of the body between the pelvis and the thorax. The front of the abdomen is the abdominal cavity, which is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm. The lining of the abdomen is calle) the abdominal aorta.
As it travels down the posterior wall of the abdomen, the abdominal aorta runs on the left of the inferior vena cavaIn human anatomy, the inferior vena cava is formed by the union of the left and right iliac veins, going up retroperitoneally along the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, anterior to the vertebrae and to the right of the abdominal aorta to finally em, giving off major blood vessels to the gut organs and kidneys. There are many recognized variants in the vasculature of the gastrointestinal system. The most common arrangement is for the aorta to give off the celiac trunkThe celiac trunk is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. It supplies blood to the liver, stomach, spleen, duodenum and the pancreas. Quite soon after its formation, the celiac trunk divides into the left gastric artery, the common hepatic artery, the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery in turn. The renal arteries usually branch from the abdominal aorta in between the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery.
The aorta terminates by dividing into two branches, the left and right common iliac arteries that branch to supply blood to the lower limbIn humans, the lower limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pelvic girlde, what is commonly referred to as the leg. The leg in anatomy is just a part of the lower limb. The lower limb includes the following regions: the buttock ths and the pelvis.
The aorta is an elastic artery, and as such is quite distensible. When the left ventricle contracts to force blood into the aorta, the aorta expands. This stretching gives the potential energy that will help maintain blood pressure during diastoleDiastole is the period of time when the heart relaxes after contraction. Ventricular diastole is when the ventricles are relaxing, while atrial diastole is when the atria are relaxing. Ventricular diastole During ventricular diastole, the pressure in the, as during this time the aorta contracts passively.
| Cardiovascular system |
| Heart - Aorta - Arteries - Arterioles - Capillaries - Venules - Veins - Venae cavae - Pulmonary arteries - Lungs - Pulmonary veins - Blood |
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