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Of the earth's 57 million square miles (148,000,000 kmē) of land, more than 12 million square miles (31,000,000 kmē) is arable.
Most of the arable land on earth is around the largest rivers on earth. Some examples are: the Nile River, the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the Yellow River, the Amazon River, and the Rhine River. These rivers flood regularly, overspilling their banks. When the flood is over, the rivers recede, leaving behind rich silt. This silt is excellent fertilizer for crops. Even if the land is overfarmed, and all the nutrientNutrients and the body A nutrient is any element or compound that is necessary for or contributes to an organism's metabolism, growth, or other functioning. There are six nutrient groups and these can be divided into those that provide energy and those ths are depleted from the soil, the land renews its fertility when the next flood comes. Rivers and streams can make desert land arable.
The closest thing to a natural habitat that human beings have is the large river valleys of the world. The temperature is comfortable there, and it has plenty of fresh water, food, fish, and thirsty wild animals attracted to the water. This is why all the great ancient civilizations began on the banks of great rivers. Lots of food can be grown there, feeding the largest populations.
On unarable land, farming is nearly impossible unless more advanced methods of agriculture are used. Unarable land usually has no source of fresh water, and is often too hot (desert), too cold (arctic), too rocky, too mountainous, too salty, too rainy, too snowy, or too cloudy. Clouds block the sunlight plants need for photosynthesisPhotosynthesis is a biochemical process in which plants, green algae, and some bacteria use the energy of light to combine water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and energy. It nourishes nearly all living things directly or indirectly, making it vital to li (making sunlight into food). The plants starve without light. StarvationThis article is about nutritional starvation. For the computer science term, see resource starvation. In living organisms, starvation is a severe reduction in vitamin, nutrient, and energy intake, and is the most extreme form of malnutrition. In humans, p and nomadism often exist on unarable land. Unarable land is sometimes called 'wastes', 'badlands', 'worthless' or 'no man's land'.
Sometimes, unarable land can be turned into arable land. New arable land makes more food, and can prevent starvationThis article is about nutritional starvation. For the computer science term, see resource starvation. In living organisms, starvation is a severe reduction in vitamin, nutrient, and energy intake, and is the most extreme form of malnutrition. In humans, p, saving lives. This also makes the country more self-sufficient and politically independent, because the country doesn't have to buy food from other countries. Making unarable land arable often involves digging new irrigation canals and new wells, aquaducts, desalinationDesalination refers to any of several processes that removes the excess salt and minerals from water in order to obtain fresh water suitable for animal consumption or for irrigation, sometimes producing table salt as a byproduct. One way to remove brine f plants, planting trees for shade in the desert, hydroponics, fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, pesticides, reverse osmosis water processors, mylar insulation or other insulation against heat and cold, digging ditches and hills for protection against the wind, and greenhouses with internal light and heat for protection against the cold outside and to provide light in cloudy areas.
Some examples of infertile unarable land being turned into fertile arable land are:
Some examples of fertile arable land being turned into infertile unarable land are:
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