Home > Atlantis
Atlantis was a legendary ancient culture and island, whose existence and location have never been confirmed. The first mentions we have are from the classical Greek philosopher Plato, who said that it was destroyed by a natural disaster (possibly an earthquake or tsunami) about 9,000 years before his own time.
1 Accounts
1.1 Plato
Plato's Timaeus (21e - 25d) and Critias are the only written mentions of Atlantis, in which he gives some information on the size and location of the Atlantis island. Atlantis might be a work of pure fiction, however, possibly intended to illustrate Plato's philosophy on the ideal government. Plato's account purports to be based on a visit to Egypt by the Athenian lawgiver Solon. Sonchis, priest of Thebes, translated it into Greek for Solon.
1.2 Aristotle
Aristotle wrote of a large island in the Atlantic that the Carthaginians knew as Antilia. ProclusProclus Lycaeus ( February 8, 412 April 17, 487), surnamed "The Successor" ( Greek Πρόκλος ὁ Διάδοχος #x50;róklo, the commentator of "Timaeus" mentions that MarcellusMarcus Claudius Marcellus, a Roman general Marcellus (town), New York Marcellus (village), New York Marcellus, Michigan Pope Marcellus I Pope Marcellus II Marcellus of Sida., relying on ancient historians, stated in his Aethiopiaka that in the Outer Ocean (the Atlantic) there were seven small islands dedicated to PersephoneIn Greek mythology, Persephone ("per-SE-fo-neh") was the queen of the Underworld, the Kore or maiden, daughter of Demeter. Persephone ("she who destroys the light") is her name in the Ionic Greek of epic literature. In other dialects she was known under v, and three large ones; one of these, comprising 1,000 stadia in length, was dedicated to PoseidonThis article is about the Greek god. See also: Poseidon missile; and Poseidon drowning detection system''. Andrea Doria as Neptune by Agnolo Bronzino: a potent allegory of Genoa's hegemony in the Tyrrhenian Sea In Greek Mythology, Poseidon was the god of. Proclus tells us that CrantorCrantor was a Greek philosopher of the Old Academy, born probably about the middle of the 4th century BC, at Soli in Cilicia. He was a fellow-pupil of Polemo in the school of Xenocrates at Athens, and was the first commentator on Plato. He is said to have reported that he, too, had seen the columns on which the story of Atlantis was preserved as reported by Plato: the SaisSais is the name of a city in Ancient Egypt. SAIS is also the commonly used name of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University in Washington D. priest showed him its history in hieroglyphA hieroglyph is one part of an ideographic writing system that is often found carved in stone. Hieroglyphs are regarded as sacred characters to many and are used in what at one time was called "picture writing". Examples of hieroglyphs can be found on bui characters. Some other writers called it Poseidonis after Poseidon. Plutarch mentions Saturnia or Ogygia about five days' sail to the west of Britain. He added that westwards from that island, there were the three islands of Cronus, to where proud and warlike men used to come from the continent beyond the islands, in order to offer sacrifice to the gods of the ocean.
1.3 Other Greek accounts
An important Greek festival of Pallas Athene, the Panathenaea was dated from the days of king Theseus. It consisted of a solemn procession to the Acropolis in which a peplos was carried to the goddess, for she had once saved the city, gaining victory over the nation of Poseidon, that is, the Atlanteans. As Lewis Spence comments, this cult was in existence already 125 years before Plato, which means that the story could not be invented by him. The historian Ammianus Marcellinus wrote that "the intelligentsia of Alexandria considered the destruction of Atlantis an historical fact, described a class of earthquakes that suddenly, by a violent motion, opened up huge mouths and so swallowed up portions of the earth, as once in the Atlantic Ocean a large island was swallowed up. Diodorus Siculus recorded that the Atlanteans did not know the fruits of Ceres. In fact, cereals were unknown to American Indians. Pausanias called this island "Satyrides," referring to the Atlantes and those who profess to know the measurements of the earth. He states that far west of the Ocean there lies a group of islands whose inhabitants are red-skinned and whose hair is like that of the horse. ( Christopher Columbus described the Indians similarly.)
A fragmentary work of Theophrastus of Lesbos tells about the colonies of Atlantis in the sea. Hesiod wrote that the garden of the Hesperides was on an island in the sea where the sun sets. Pliny the Elder recorded that this land was 12,000 km distant from Cádiz, and Uba, a Numidian king intended to establish a stock farm of purple Murex there. Diodorus Siculus declares that the ancient Phoenicians and Etruscans knew America, the enormous island outside the Pillars of Heracles. He describes it as the climate is very mild, fruits and vegetables grow ripe throughout the year. There are huge mountains covered with large forests, and wide, irrigable plains with navigable rivers. Scylax of Caryanda gives similar account.
Marcellus claims that the survivors of the sinking Atlantis migrated to Western Europe. Timagenes tells almost the same, citing the Druids of Gaul as his sources. He tries to classify the Gallic tribes according to their origins and tells of one of these claiming that they were colonists who came there from a remote island. Theopompus of Chios, a Greek historian called this land beyond the ocean as "Meropis". The dialogue between King Midas and the wise Silenus mentions the Meropids, the first men with huge cities of gold and silver. Silenus knows that besides the well-known portions of the world there is another, unknown, of incredible immensity, where immeasurably vast blooming meadows and pastures feed herds of various, huge and mighty beasts. Claudius Aelianus cites Theopompus, knowing of the existence of the huge island out in the Atlantic as a continuing tradition among the Phoenicians or Carthaginians of Cádiz. Perhaps the Byzantine friar Cosmas Indicopleustes understood Plato better than the ancient and modern "Aristotelians", says Merezhkovsky. In his Topographia Christiana he included a chart of the (flat) world: it showed an inner continent, a compact mainland surrounded by sea, and this was surrounded by an outer ring-shaped continent, with the inscription, "The earth beyond the Ocean, where men lived before the Flood." The Garden of Eden is placed in the eastern end of this continent.
