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The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries.The Ayyubid Dynasty was founded by Saladin, who, with his uncle Shirkuh, conquered Egypt for the Zengid King Nur ad-Din of Damascus in 1169. In 1171, Saladin deposed the last Fatimid Caliph, but he gradually became estranged from his former master. When Nur ed-Din died in 1174, Saladin declared war against his young son, As-Salih Ismail, and seized Damascus. Ismail fled to Aleppo, where he continued to resist Saladin until his murder in 1181. After this, Saladin seized control of the interior of the entirety of Syria, and even conquered the Jezireh in Northern Iraq. His greatest accomplishment, though, was his defeat of the Crusader States at the Battle of HattinThe Battle of Hattin in 1187 was a major setback in the fortunes of the Crusader movement, enabling the Muslims to regain control of Jerusalem from the Christians. The battle took place near Tiberias, in an area whose chief geographic feature is a double and conquest of JerusalemCapitals in Asia For alternate uses see Jerusalem (disambiguation Jerusalem ( Modern Hebrew: Yerushalayim Biblical Hebrew: Arabic: al-Quds see also Names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle Eastern city of key importance to the religions of Judaism, Christ in 1187Events May 1 Battle of Cresson Saladin defeats the crusaders July 4 Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, at the Battle of Hattin. October 2 Saladin captures Jerusalem. Town of Byblos in Lebanon is taken by Saladin. Alexis Branas attempts to. Saladin died in 1193Events Saladin dies, and the lands of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria are is split among his descendants. Qutb ud-Din, a Ghurid slave commander, captures Delhi. Births Deaths Saladin, Sultan of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria, shortly after signing a treaty with Richard I of Englandbronze, brandishes his sword outside the Palace of Westminster Richard I ( September 8, 1157 April 6, 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199. He was often referred to as Richard the Lionheart Coeur de Lion and Oc et No by the French, and Melek-Ric by which restored a coastal strip from Ascalon to Antioch to Crusader control.
Following Saladin's death, his sons fell to squabbling over the division of the Empire, until in 1200 Saladin's brother, Al-Adil , succeeded in securing control over the whole empire. The same process repeated at Al-Adil's death in 1218Events Damietta is besieged by the knights of the Fifth Crusade. Livonian Brothers of the Sword begin to conquer Estonia. Minamoto no Sanetomo becomes Udaijin of Japan. Alfonso IX of Castile founds a university in Salamanca. Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (, and at his son Al-Kamil'sal-Kamil Muhammad al-Malik (died 1238) was an Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, praised for defeating two crusades but also vilified for returning Jerusalem to the Christians. He was the son of sultan al-Adil, a brother of Saladin. In 1218 al-Kamil led the defense death in 1238, but the Ayyubid state as a whole remained fairly strong. In 1250 Turanshah, the last Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt, was murdered and replaced by his Mamluk slave-general Aibek , who founded the Bahri dynasty.
The Ayyubids lingered on in Syria for another ten years, when they fell to the Mongols.
1 Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt
