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The Azerbaijani language, also called Azeri, Azari, Azeri Turkish, or Azerbaijani Turkish, is the official language of Republic of Azerbaijan. Some dialects of the language are spoken in many parts of Iran (but most notably in the northwestern areas, known as the Iranian Azarbaijan), where it is the most popular minority language and there are more speakers than any other country in the world. The language is also spoken in Russia's Republic of Dagestan, Georgia, northern Iraq, and eastern Turkey.
There are approximately between 22 and 50 million native speakers of Azerbaijani. It is a Turkic language, related to Turkish and Turkmen but more influenced by Persian language.
During the initial period of the Republic of Azerbaijan's independence, the official language of Azerbaijan was called "Turk dili" ("Turkish"), but since 1994 the older name of the language, "Azerbaycan dili" ("Azerbaijani"), has been re-established. The most important literary magazine of the language published in Iran, Varliq, uses the English term "Turkish" and the Persian term "torki" for the language. Most Iranians casually call the language turki or torki, distinguishing it from the Turkey's official language, Turkish, by calling the latter a term which can be translated as Istanbul Turkish. Some people also consider "Azerbaijani" a dialect of a greater "Turkish" language and call it "Azerbaijani-Turkish". ISO and the Unicode Consortium, call the language "Azerbaijani".
Some sources like Gholamhossein MosahabGholamhossein Mosahab ( in Persian), ( 1910- 1979) was the author of Mosahab Persian Encyclopedia, the only authoritative Persian encyclopedia published in Iran. Mosahab, Gholamhossein.'s The Persian EncyclopediaThe Persian Encyclopedia is the only comprehensive and authoritative Encyclopedia available in the Persian language. It is in two volumes and is based, in part, on the 1953, 1960, and 1968 editions of The Columbia Viking Desk Encyclopedia''. It was publis consider Azari/Azeri to be a different language, an older Iranian TatiTati can refer to: An alternative romanization of the Japanese word tachi. A northwestern Iranian language The French film director and actor Jacques Tati. language which was spoken in the region before the spread of Turkic languages, but now only spoken by different rural communities in Iran's Azerbaijan (such as villages in Harzanabad area, villages around Khalkhal and ArdebilThis historically eminent city in Southern Azerbaijan, famed for its silk trade tradition, is located in northwestern Iran. It is the seat of the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safi ad-Din, eponym of the Safavid Dynasty., and also in Zanjan and QazvinQazvin may refer to: Qazvin (city) Qazvin province Note: Qazvin province was created in 1996; older references to "Qazvin" are invariably to the city. area). There are serious supporters and opposers of the theory (and even some who consider it offensive), which was originally published by Ahmad Kasravi , an ethnic Azerbaijani and a native of Iran. Some of the people who disagree with Kasravi's theory prefer not to call themselves or their language Azeri or Azari because of the relation to the theory. Common usage of the terms in the English language is against this distinction.
Main article: Azerbaijani literatureEpic Literature & Poems The Book of Dede Korkut The book of Dede Korkut is the greatest epic of the Oghuz Turks (Azerbaijanis as well as the Turks of Turkey and Turkmenistann). The setting of the book of Dede Korkut (6th and 7th centuries) is in pre-Islam
Classical literature in Azerbaijani was formed in 11th century based on Tabrizi and Shervani dialects (these dialects were used by classical Azerbaijani writers Nasimi, Fizuli, and Khatai). Modern literature in the Republic of Azerbaijan is based on the Shervani dialect only, while in Iran it is based on the Tabrizi one. The first newspaper in Azerbaijani, Akinchi was published in 1875. During the Soviet Union period, Azerbaijani was often used as a lingua-franca between the Turkic people of the Union.
In mid-19th century it was taught in schools of Baku, Ganja, Sheki, Tbilisi, and Yerevan. Since 1845, it has also been taught in the University of St. Petersburg in Russia.
Famous literacy works in Azerbaijani are The book of Dede Qorqud (which UNESCO celebrated its 1300th anniversary in 1998, some linguists believe it to be written in an early Ottoman dialect), Koroglu , Leyli and Mejnun , and Heydar Babaya Salam . Important poets and writers of the Azerbaijani language include Imadedin Nesimi , Muhammad Suleymanoglu Fuzuli (the first writer to write extensively in Azerbaijani, but also in Persian), Hesenoglu Izedin , Ismail I (the Persian king), Bakhtiar Vahabzada , Khurshudbanu Natavan (female poet), Mirza Fatali Akhundov , Mirza Sabir (satirist), and Mohammad Hossein Shahriar (who has more poems in Persian than in Azerbaijani).
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