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The BBC Radiophonic Workshop, the sound special effects unit of the BBC was created in 1958 to produce sound effects for radio and was closed in 2001. It was based in Maida Vale in London.

The techniques initially used by the Radiophonic Workshop were closely related to those used in musique concrète; new sounds for programs were created by using recordings of everyday sounds such as voices, bells or gravel as raw material for 'radiophonic' manipulations. In these manipulations, audio tape could be played back at different pitches, reversed, spliced together, or processed using reverb or equalisation. The most famous of the Workshop's creations using 'radiophonic' techniques include the Doctor Who theme song, which Delia Derbyshire created using 12 oscillators and a lot of tape manipulation, and the sound of TARDIS in Doctor Who dematerialising, which was created by Brian Hodgson running his keys along the strings of a broken piano.

Much of the equipment used by the Workshop in the earlier years of its operation in the late 1950sCenturies: 19th century 20th century 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Years: 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 Events and trends Technology United States tests the first fusion bomb. was semi-professional and was passed down from other departments. Reverberation was obtained using an echo chamberWhen used literally, the term echo chamber refers to a hollow enclosure used to produce echoing sounds, usually for recording purposes. For example, the producers of a television or radio program might wish to produce the aural illusion that a conversatio in the basement of the building with bare painted walls. Due to the considerable technical challenges faced by the Workshop and BBC traditions, staff initilally worked in pairs with one person assigned to the technical aspects of the work and the other to the artistic direction.

The Radiophonic Workshop has been a major influence on electronic musicElectronic music is a loose term for music created using electronic equipment. Any sound produced by the means of an electrical signal may reasonably be called electronic, and the term is sometimes used that way in music where acoustic performance is the in BritainThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a state in Western Europe, usually known simply as the United Kingdom the UK Britain or less accurately as Great Britain . The UK was formed by a series of Acts of Union which united the formerly and elsewhere. However, it was criticised for its policy of not allowing musicians from outside the BBC to use its equipment in its early days, equipment which was some of the most advanced in the country at that time.

Notable Radiophonic Workshop events:

Radiophonic Workshop people:

The BBC reportedly planned to wipe many of the Workshop's original recordings in the late 1990s. However, thanks to a fortunate piece of bureaucratic inefficiency, the tapes earmarked for disposal were placed in a storeroom to await collection, and then forgotten about until they were rediscovered by an archivist and reassigned for preservation.

Alchemists of Sound, an hour-long television documentary about the Radiophonic Workshop, was broadcast on BBC Four on October 19, 2003 and was repeated several times. One of the co-producers was Victor Lewis-Smith and the programme was narrated by Oliver Postgate.





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