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Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge consists of the 405 acre (1.6 km˛) island and a surrounding 30,504 acres (123 km˛) of submerged land. The island is now a National Wildlife Refuge managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as an insular area under the U.S. Department of the Interior. Baker Island is an unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US.
Its defense is the responsibility of the United States; though uninhabited, it is visited annually by the US Coast Guard.
The United States of America took possession of the island in 1857, claimed under the Guano Islands Act of 1856. Its guanoGuano (from the Quechua 'wanu') is the name given to the collected droppings of seabirds and bats. It can be used as an effective fertilizer due to its high levels of nitrogen. Soil that is deficient in organic matter can be made much more productive by a deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th centuryAlternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical ( 18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801- 1900. Events The Little Ice Age ended. In 1935Events January January 1 Italian colonies of Tripoli and Kyrenaika are joined together as Libya January 7 World War II: Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French foreign minister Pierre Laval conclude agreement in which each power undertakes not to oppo, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island, with a population of four in the settlement Meyerton - as well as on nearby Howland IslandHowland Island is an uninhabited atoll located just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean at 0 48 N, 176 38 W, about 1,600 miles (2,600 km) southwest of Honolulu. It is about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia. Howland Island Nationa - but was disrupted by World War IIWorld War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the world's nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. The war was fough and thereafter abandoned. FeralA feral animal or plant is one that has escaped from domestication and returned, partly or wholly, to its wild state. Wyoming Mustang (feral)courtesy of U. BLMWild Horse and Burro Program Applicability Animals A feral animal is one that has reverted from catFor alternative meanings see cat (disambiguation). The cat (also called domestic cat or house cat is a small feline carnivorous mammal. Its scientific name is Felis silvestris catus or Felis silvestris domesticus but the species is sometimes referred to as were eradicated from the island in 1964.
American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2000 est.)
See also the History of the Pacific Islands.
Located in the North Pacific Ocean at (0 13 N, 176 31 W), the island is tiny at just 1.4 km˛ (405 acres) and 4.8 km of coastline. The climate is equatorial, with little rainfall, constant wind and a burning sun. The terrain is low-lying and sandy: a coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef with a depressed central area. The highest point is 8 meters above sea level.
There are no natural fresh water resources. The island is treeless, with sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife.
The U.S. claims an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles (370 km) and territorial sea of 12 nautical miles (22 km).
The island's Time zone: UTC -12
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