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The Basque Country (Euskal Herria in Basque) straddles the western Pyrenees mountains that define the border between France and Spain, extending down to the coast of the Bay of Biscay. It corresponds more or less with the historical area of the Basque people and language.
The Basque Country is made up of six traditional regions. The three regions to the south, within Spain, form Hegoalde (“south zone”), while the three to the northeast, within France, form Iparralde (“north zone”).
City of San Sebastián in Guipúzcoa
Southern Basque Country
Northern Basque Country
Today, the Southern Basque Country falls within the Spanish autonomous communities of the Basque Country and the Northern Basque country forms part of the French départementThe departements (or departments) are administrative units of France, roughly analogous to British counties and are now grouped into 22 metropolitan and four overseas regions''. They are subdivided into 342 arrondissements''. Departements are also found i of Pyrénées Atlantiques.
See the article on the Basque people for their full history.
The Kingdom of NavarreThe Kingdom of Navarre traditionally evolved from the county of Pamplona, its traditional capital, when the Basque leader Inigo Arista was chosen King in Pamplona, traditionally in 824, and led a local revolt against the Franks. The kingdom of Navarre for was the only political entity to encompass the Basque Country on both sides of the Pyrenees. The kingdom reached its greatest size under Sancho III of NavarreSancho III Jimeno (The Great) of Navarre (c. 985- October 18 1035) was born to Garcia the Tremulous of Pamplona and Jimena Fernandez. He ascended the throne in 1004, inheriting Navarre, Aragon, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. Having gone further than any previous (c. 985– 1035). It incorporated most Basque-speaking lands, among others, but was divided repeatedly after his death. In 1511, the Southern part was incorporated into the Spanish crown, but Basse-Navarre, north of the Pyrenees remained independent to be later incorporated into the French crown, and ceased to have a unifying significance.
Since the time of Sancho III, there has been no single government over all seven territories. Basque nationalism emerged in the early 20th century as the aspiration for such a nation state. In the 1980s, the Spanish state devolved into autonomous communities, of which the Spanish Basque Country became the Basque Country. Against the wishes of Basque nationalists, Navarre established itself separately with little cultural collaboration. More recently, cross-border meetings among the Basque regions have been sponsored by the Atlantic Arc Commission of the European Union.
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