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The French branch is the Parti Nationaliste Basque. The party has also offices among the Basque diaspora , mainly Venezuela, Argentina, Mexico, Uruguay, Chile and the United States.
The party was founded in 1895 by Sabino de Arana y Goiri as a Catholic separatist party for the restoration of self-government. Currently, it describes itself as Basque, democratic, participatory, plural, non-confessional and humanist. It is a moderate nationalist party which favours greater autonomy for the Basque region but opposes violence.
In its beginnings, the party established required its members to prove Basque ancestry by having a minimum number of Basque surnames.
In 1921, the Arana movement split in the moderate Comunión Nacionalista Vasca ("Basque Nationalist Communion") and the independentist Aberri ("Homeland").
During the single-party dictatorship rule of general Miguel Primo de RiveraSpanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja ( January 8, 1870 March 16, 1930) was a Spanish military official who ruled Spain as a dictator from 1923 to 1930, ending the turno system of alternating parties. He was, the nationalist parties were forbidden and persecuted. However, its activity continued under the guise of mountain ( mendigoizale ) and folklore clubs.
At the end of 1930, Aberri and CNV reunited under the old name of EAJ-PNV. However, a small group formed Acción Nacionalista Vasca ("Basque Nationalist Action"). It was on the moderate nationalist left, non-confessional and open to alliances with the republican and socialist parties fighting against the dictatorship.
The division between autonomism and independentism appeared again during the second Spanish RepublicThe Second Spanish Republic ( 1931 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people. The First Spanish Republic was from 1873 1874. The Secon. Headed by Eli Gallastegi , a small group of radical independentists, gathered around the weekly Jagi-Jagi and the Mountaineer Federation of Biscay, left the party. They rejected the autonomy that PNV was working for.
After the coup of 18th July 1936Events January-February January 15 The first building to be completely covered in glass is completed in Toledo, Ohio, for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company. January 20 Death of George V of the United Kingdom. His son Edward VIII succeedes him as King of th, the party felt torn. It coincided with the rebel side in their Catholicity and there were pressures from the Vatican to keep away from the Republic, but the promised autonomy and anti-Fascism sided them with the legitimate republican government:
Initially, the Defence Committees in Biscay and Guipuzcoa were dominated by the Popular FrontThe Frente Popular ( Spanish Popular Front) was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organisations, instigated by Manuel Azana for the purpose of contesting that years election. The Popular Front included t. Although with enough difficulties, Basque autonomy was granted within the Second Spanish RepublicThe Second Spanish Republic ( 1931 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people. The First Spanish Republic was from 1873 1874. The Secon and the new Basque Government inmediately organized the Basque ArmyEusko Gudarostea was the name of the Basque national army during the Spanish civil war. It was formed by Basque nationalists, Socialists and Communists, under the direction of lendakari Jose Antonio Aguirre and coordinating with the army of the Second Spa, consisting of militias recruited by each of the political organizations, including PNV.
José Antonio Aguirre, the party leader, became the first lendakari (Basque president) of the wartime multipartite Basque Government , ruling the unconquered parts of Biscay and Guipuzcoa.After the surrendering of the Basque Army to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontari in Santoña (1937), the exile government moved to Barcelona until the fall of Catalonia and then out of Spain to the exile, first to France where they organized the camps and services with the president heading it personally. He was in Belgium when Hitler occupied that country and so he started a long travel to Berlin under a false identity. Under the protection of a Panamanian ambassador, he got to reach Sweden and dodging the SS German intelligency, he arrived to Brazil and Uruguay, where his dignity was reinstated and given visa to New York, where he stablished under the protection of American-Basques as teacher of Columbia University. When the United States decided to back Franco in 1952 he went to France anew where the Basque Government in exile was established. Also there he encountered that the pro- Nazi French government of Vichy confiscated the Basque Government's building and De Gaulle maintained it under the Franco government possesion, building that today is the Instituto Cervantes premise, in a joke of destiny. Anyway, the president of the government in exile was always a PNV member and even the Spanish sole representant in the United Nations was the Basque appointee Jesús de Galíndez until his murder in a obscure episode in the time of the Spanish entry in the United Nations. He also decided to put the big Basque exiles' network at the service of the Allied side and collaborated with the US Secretary of State and the CIA along the Cold War to fight Communism in Spanish America.
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