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The Battle of Jutland, known in Germany as the Battle of the Skagerrak (Skagerrakschlacht), was the largest naval battle of World War I, and the only full-scale clash of battleships in that war. It was fought on May 31– June 1, 1916, in the North Sea near Jutland. The combatants were the Kaiserliche MarineThe Kaiserliche Marine or Imperial Navy was the German Navy created by Kaiser Wilhelm II between 1871 and 1919; it grew out of the Prussian Navy. The undefeated navy was largely destroyed at Scapa Flow in 1919 by its own officers after the loss of the lan's High Seas FleetThe High Seas Fleet ( German Hochseeflotte was the main battle fleet of the Kaiserliche Marine (the Imperial German Navy) during World War I. Based at Wilhelmshaven in the Jade estuary, and commanded by Admirals Friedrich von Ingenohl (1913 1915), Hugo vo, commanded by Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer, and the Royal Navy's Grand Fleet, commanded by Admiral John Jellicoe.
The Germans planned to use Vice Admiral Franz von Hipper's scouting group to lure Vice Admiral Sir David Beatty's battlecruiser squadrons into the path of the main German battle fleet and so destroy them. But the British had learned from signal intercepts that a major fleet operation was in prospect and on 30 May Jellicoe sailed with the Grand Fleet to rendezvous with Beatty.
On the afternoon of May 31 Beatty and Hipper encountered each other, and in a running battle to the south Hipper drew the British into the path of the High Seas Fleet. Beatty turned and fled towards the Grand Fleet and from 18:30 until nightfall at about 20:30 the two huge fleets — 250 ships — were heavily engaged. Fourteen British and eleven German ships were sunk with great loss of life. Jellicoe tried to cut the Germans off from their base in the hope of continuing the battle in the morning, but under cover of darkness Scheer crossed the wake of the British fleet and escaped.
Both sides claimed victory. The British had lost more ships and many more sailors, but Scheer's plan of destroying Beatty's squadrons had failed. For the remainder of the war, apart from brief sorties in August 1916 and April 1918, the High Seas Fleet stayed in port. They continued to pose a threat that required the British to keep their battleships concentrated in the North Sea, but they never again contested control of the seas. Instead, the German Navy turned its efforts and resources to unrestricted submarine warfare.
