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The Berlin Wall ( German: Berliner Mauer) was a long barrier separating West Berlin from East Berlin and the surrounding territory of East Germany. Its intent was to restrict access between West Berlin and East Germany. It existed from 1961 until 1989.
After World War II, Berlin, like the rest of Germany, was divided into four sectors, although it was surrounded on all sides by the Soviet sector of Germany. The Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and France each had a portion of the city under their control. The Soviet sector was by far the largest and covered most of eastern Berlin - FriedrichshainFriedrichshain is a part of Berlin's borough Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. Its located in the eastern mid of Berlin and is surrounded by the old districts Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg and Lichtenberg. The district is called after the Volkspark Friedrichs, KöpenickKopenick is a former borough of Berlin, since 2001 merged with Treptow to form the new borough Treptow-Kopenick. It is located in the south-east of the city. Prior to the 2001 borough reform, Kopenick was Berlin's biggest borough by area. It has also the, LichtenbergThis article is about the Berlin district. For other meanings see Lichtenberg (disambiguation Lichtenberg is a borough of Berlin, Germany. In 2001, it was merged with the former borough of Hohenschonhausen; the resulting borough retained the name Lichtenb, MitteBerlin-Mitte or Mitte is the central-most borough of Berlin Mitte is German for centre). The core area was in East Berlin, in 2001 it expanded to include the former boroughs of Wedding and Tiergarten (both of which formerly belonged to West Berlin). It en, PankowPankow is a borough of Berlin. In 2001, it was merged with the former boroughs of Prenzlauer Berg and Weissensee; the resulting borough retained the name Pankow. It encompasses an area of 103. 07 km² and has, as of 2003, about 347,100 inhabitants. Its cur, Prenzlauer BergPrenzlauer Berg is a former borough of Berlin situated in the eastern part of the city. In 2001 Prenzlauer Berg was combined with the former boroughs Pankow and Weissensee under the name of Pankow. After German reunification in 1990 Prenzlauer Berg soon a, Treptow , and Weißensee .
In 19481948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 Nationalisation of UK railways to form British Railways. Arab militants lay siege to the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. First day of the Ital, the Berlin Blockade by the Soviet Union led to the Berlin Airlift by the Western Allies.
After 1949, the three sectors controlled by the United States, Britain and France ( West Berlin), although nominally still under Allied souvereignity, were in effect a part of West Germany that was completely surrounded by East Germany.
Initially the citizens of Berlin were allowed to move freely between all the sectors. However, as the Cold War developed movement became restricted; the border between East and West Germany proper was closed in 1952, only in Berlin the border remained open for the time being. Around 2.5 million East Germans crossed into the West between 1949 and 1961; after 1952 this happened almost exclusively by entering West Berlin.
East German border guard Conrad Schumann leaps into West Berlin over barbed wire on August 15, 1961
Construction of a barrier around the three western sectors began on August 13, 1961 in East Berlin. It first consisted of barbed wire, which was later replaced by the actual wall. The wall physically divided the city and as it completely surrounded West Berlin, it effectively turned the western sectors into an island in the eastern territories.
East German officials claimed that it was an "antifascist wall of protection", intended to avoid aggression from the West. The West claimed that the wall was created to prevent the citizens of East Germany from entering West Berlin and West Germany. The majority of the professionally skilled workers were already leaving the east, as East Germany did not completely control traffic between West Berlin and the rest of West Germany.
During the construction of the wall NVA and KdA soldiers stood in front of it with orders to shoot anyone who attempted to defect.
Additionally, the whole length of the border between East and West Germany was closed with chain-fences, walls, and other installations (see GDR border system).
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