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Of the many different definitions available the one formulated by the UN " Convention on Biological Diversity" is the most all-encompassing:
One section of biotechnology is the directed use of organisms by humans for production ( beer, milk-products, skin). Naturally present bacteria are also involved in the mining industry in bioleaching. Other uses of biotechnology involve recycling, treatment of waste, cleaning up sites contaminated by industrial activities ( bioremediation) or production of biowar agents.
There are also applications of biotechnology that do not use living organisms. An example are DNA chips used in genetics, or radioactive tracers used in medicine.
Although biotechnology is publicly associated with cloningCloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. A clone in the biological sense, therefore, is a multi-cellular organism that is genetically identical to another living organism. Sometimes this can refer to "natural" clones made eithe and genetic engineeringGenetic engineering genetic modification GM , and gene splicing (once in widespread use but now deprecated) are terms for the process of manipulating genes in an organism, usually outside of the organism's normal reproductive process. It often involves th, the goal of biotechnology is to advance the tools of medicine and solve problems related to the production of biologically derived products, not the whimsical manipulation of life.
Today, biotechnology, or modern biotechnology, is often associated to the use of genetically altered microorganismA micro-organism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is invisible to the naked eye. The term is synonymous by usage to single- celled organism and unicellular organism even though some unicellular protists are visible to the naked eye, ands such as E. coli or yeast for producing substances like insulincarbon; green: oxygen; blue: nitrogen; pink: sulphur. The blue/purple ribbons denote the skeleton [-N-C-C-]n in the protein's amino acid sequence H-[-NH-CHR-CO-]n-OH where R is the part protruding from the skeleton in each amino acid. Insulin ( Latin insu or antibiotics. It can also refer to transgenic animalsTransgenic animals are animals produced with externally introduced genes. Transgenic animals can be used in many fields and as models to test the effect of certain genes on health. They can be used to produce "enhanced" versions of an animal. They can als or transgenic plants, such as Bt corn. Genetically altered Mammalian cells, such as Chinese Hamster ovarian cells, are also widely used to manufacture pharmaceuticals. Another promising new biotechnology application is the development of plant-made pharmaceuticals .
There are number of jargon terms for sub-fields of biotechnology.
Red biotechnology is biotechnology applied to medical processes. An example would include an organism designed to produce an antibiotic, or engineering genetic cures to diseases through genomic manipulation.
White biotechnology, also known as grey biotechnology, is biotechnology applied to industrial processes. An example would include an organism designed to produce a useful chemical. White biotechnology tends to consume less resources that traditional processes when used to produce industrial goods.
Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. An example would include an organism designed to grow under specific environmental conditions or in the presence (or absence) of certain agricultural chemicals. Green biotechnology tends to produce more environmentally friendly solutions then traditional industrial agriculture. An example of this would include a plant engineered to express a pesticide, thereby eliminating the need for external application of pesticides.
The term blue biotechnology has also been used to describe the marine and aquatic applications of biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare.
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