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Blaxploitation is a controversial film genre developed in the United States in the early 1970s. The films in this genre were some of the first to target the urban African-American audience with primarily black characters, soundtracks featuring funk and soul music and urban settings, which lead to plots involving drug dealing, prostitution and other forms of crime. Because of this, and because many characters were seen as violent, sassy, African-American stereotypes, blaxploitation films were protested by civil rights groups. It should also be noted that most of these films, although featuring black actors and musicians, were mostly written and directed by white men. The most notable exception to this rule was Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song , which was written and directed by Melvin Van Peebles, an African American.

The films were nonetheless immensely popular among black audiences, possibly because they were among a very few movies which dealt primarily with black men and women, bringing them to the foreground, and because they, as a formula, had endings which were generally favorable to the central character. When set in the North, blaxploitation films tended to take place in the ghetto and deal with pimps, drug dealers, and hit men; when set in the South, the movies most often took place on a plantation and dealt with slavery and miscegenation. Almost all of them featured exaggerated sexuality and violence.

The Coalition Against Blaxploitation (consisting of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Urban League, as well as many black film professionals) formed in reaction to the films, and received much media exposure and possibly quickened the death of the genre by the late 1970s.

Some film scholars defend the movies today, arguing that the genre was instrumental in allowing African Americans greater screen presence, as well as greater latitude in "mainstream" film-making as actors, directors, and writers. Some also admire the charisma of actors such as Pam GrierPamela Suzette Grier (born 26 May 1949 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina) is an American actress. She grew up in Denver, Colorado, and is cousin to football player and actor Roosevelt Grier. Grier was discovered by quickie director Roger Corman, who cast h (Foxy Brown) and Richard RoundtreeRichard Roundtree (born July 9, 1942 New York ) tall African American actor famous for being John Shaft in Shaft ( 1971). He was a leading man during the early 1970s in the Blaxploitation films appearing in Shaft and its sequels as John Shaft. Prior to be (Shaft) and the soundtrack contributions of such prominent musicians as Isaac HayesThis article is about the musician, for the Arctic explorer see Isaac Israel Hayes. Isaac Hayes ( August 20, 1942) is an influential soul singer. He began his recording career in 1962, soon playing saxophone for The Mar-Keys. After a period of activity wi, who sang the theme to Shaft and Curtis MayfieldCurtis Mayfield ( June 3, 1942 December 26, 1999) was an African American soul, funk and R&B singer, songwriter and noted guitarist best known for his soundtrack to the blaxploitation film Superfly. Mayfield came to prominence as lead singer/songwriter fo, whose soundtrack to Superfly remains a classic. 19711971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). Events January January 1 British divorce Reform Act comes into force January 2 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster. Janua's ShaftShaft is a 1971 blaxploitation film which tells the story of a detective John Shaft who fights the black mob, and then the white mob. It stars Richard Roundtree, Moses Gunn, Charles Cioffi, Christopher St. John, Gwenn Mitchell and Lawrence Pressman. The m, perhaps the most famous blaxploitation film, has even entered the Library of CongressThe Library of Congress the unofficial national library of the United States, is one of the most important libraries in the world. Originally founded as a research library for the United States Congress April 24th 1800, its original collection were the bo.

Recent films such as Austin Powers in GoldmemberAustin Powers in Goldmember is a 2002 comedy film. Austin Powers ( Mike Myers), having conquered the 90s and the 60s, travels back to the 1970s and teams up with his arch-nemesis Dr. Evil (also played by Myers) to thwart a new villain, Goldmember (Myers o and Undercover Brother, as well as Quentin Tarantino's Jackie Brown and Kill Bill, Vol. 1, feature nods to the blaxploitation genre.

Famous blaxploitation films include:


I'm Gonna Git You Sucka is a famous spoof of urban blaxploitation films, featuring several of the male stars of that genre. A later film, Original Gangstas , also featured many of those stars, but was made as a tribute to the genre.

The popular 1998 anime series Cowboy Bebop features several episodes with blaxploitation themes, particularly Mushroom Samba which extensively parodies blaxploitation films.

The Hebrew Hammer ( 2003) is another parody of blaxploitation films, but with a Jewish protagonist.

In 2004, Mario Van Peebles, Melvin's son, released Baadasssss! , a film based on the making of his father's movie in which Mario played his father.

The word "blaxploitation" is a portmanteau of "black" and "exploitation", indicating that blaxploitation is a subgenre of exploitation films. A number of other terms have been coined on the same pattern, including hixploitation ("hick," dealing with rural characters), dyxploitation ("dyke," profiting from lesbian chic), Sexploitation ("Sex" focusing on nude or semi-nude female charactors), and chixploitation ("chick," focusing on scantily clad female main characters.) These terms enjoy limited currency.


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