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It is also less commonly known as brachycardia.
This cardiac arrhythmia can be underlied by several causes, which are best divided into cardiac and non-cardiac causes. Non-cardiac causes are usually secondary, and can involve drug use or abuse; metabolic or endocrine issues, especially in the thyroid; an electrolyte imbalance; neurologic factors; autonomic reflex es; situational factors such as prolonged bed rest ; and autoimmunity. Cardiac causes include acute or chronic ischemic heart disease, vascular heart disease, valvular heart disease , or degenerative primary electrical disease. Ultimately, the causes act by three mechanisms: depressed automaticity of the heart, conduction block, or escape pacemakers and rhythms.
There are generally two types of problems that result in bradycardias: disorders of the sinus node, and disorders of the atrioventricular node (AV node).
With sinus node dysfunction (sometimes called sick sinus syndrome), there may be disordered automaticityAutomaticity is the the ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low level details required. It is usually the result of learning, repetition, and practice. External links . or impaired conduction of the impulse from the sinus node into the surrounding atrial tissue (an "exit block"). It is difficult and sometimes impossible to assign a mechanism to any particular bradycardia, but the underlying mechanism is not clinically relevant to treatment, which is the same in both cases of sick sinus syndrome: a permanent pacemakerA pacemaker (sometimes called a pacer) is a competitor who enters an athletics race with little or no intention of winning, but purely to set a fast pace for other competitors to follow. The heart pacemaker is a group of cells within the heart that togeth.
Atrioventricular conduction disturbances (aka an AV block) may result from impaired conduction in the AV node, or anywhere below it, such as in the His bundle .
Patients with bradycardia have likely acquired it, as opposed to having it congenitally. Also, bradycardia is more common in older patients, since both cardiac and non-cardiac causes are more likely in the elderly.
There are two main reasons for treating any cardiac arrhythmias. With bradycardia, the first is to address the associated symptoms, such as fatigueIn Wikipedia, fatigue can mean: # Fatigue (physical) tiredness in humans # Fatigue (material) failure by repeated stress in materials # Fatigues (uniform) military uniform # Battle fatigue also known as Post-traumatic stress disorder # Reader's fatigue #, limitations on how much an individual can physical exert, faintingFainting is a sudden (and generally momentary) loss of consciousness due to a lack of sufficient blood and oxygen reaching the brain. The first symptoms a person feels before fainting are dizziness and feeling hot. Moments later, the person's vision turns (syncope), dizzinessDizziness ( Latin: "Vertigo") is the sensation of instability. It has many potential causes, ranging from harmless to life-threatening. One of the most common causes of dizziness is rapid spinning; this cause lent its name to the baseball pitcher Dizzy De or lightheadedness, or other vague and non-specific symptoms. The other reason to treat bradycardia is if the person's ultimate outcome (prognosis) will be changed or impacted by the bradycardia. Treatment in this vein depends on whether any symptoms are present, and what the underlying cause is. Primary or idiopathicAn idiopathic disease is one for which the cause has not yet been established. Among the medical establishment, the term idiopathic has come to be a euphemism for "I don't know" a so-called "two-dollar word". The originally intended meaning of the Greek r bradycardia is treated symptomatically if it is significant, and the underlying cause is treated if the bradycardia is secondary.
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