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When the British Empire came into existence, there remained a single category of nationality: that of British subject. British subjects included not only persons within the United Kingdom, but those throughout the British Empire, in the colonies and the self-governing dominions ( Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada and Newfoundland). The law on nationality was spread across many statutes, and much of it was unwritten.
This changed with the adoption of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914. This codified for the first time the law relating to British nationality. However, it did not mark a major change in the substantive content of the law. This was to wait until 1948.
The Commonwealth Heads of Government decided in 1948 to embark on a major change in the law of nationality throughout the Commonwealth, following Canada's decision to enact its own citizenship law in 1947. Until then all Commonwealth countries had a common citizenship: British subject status. It was decided at that conference that the United Kingdom and the self-governing dominions would each adopt separate citizenships, but retain the common status of British subject.
Thus the British Nationality Act 1948 provided for a new status of Citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC), consisting of all those British subjects who had a close relationship (either through birth or descent) with the United Kingdom and its remaining colonies. Each other Commonwealth country did likewise, and also established its own citizenship.
The CUKCs and the citizens of the other Commonwealth countries retained under the 1948 act the status of British subject, for which the act also introduced the term Commonwealth citizen.
It was originally envisaged that all British subjects would get one (or more) of the national citizenships being drawn up under the Act. The remainder would be absorbed as CUKCs by the British Government. Until they acquired one or other of the national citizenships, or the citizenship of a foreign country, these people continued to be British subjects without citizenship. However, some British subjects never became citizens of any country, chiefly from Ireland, as a result of its withdrawal from the Commonwealth in 19491949 is the common year starting on Saturday. see link for calendar) Events January-February January 4 RMS Caronia of the Cunard Line departs Southampton for New York on her maiden voyage January 4 February 22 Series of winter storms in Nebraska, Wyoming,, and IndiaThe Republic of India is a large multicultural country in South Asia, with a population of over one billion. The Indian economy is the fourth largest in the world, in terms of purchasing power parity, and is the world's second-fastest growing economy. and PakistanIslami Jamhuria Pakistan ( In Detail) ( In Detail) National motto: Iman, Ittehad, Nazm( Urdu: "Faith, Unity, Discipline" Official Language(s) Urdu, English Capital Islamabad Largest City Karachi President General Pervez Musharraf Prime Minister Shaukat Az, because the British Government refused to recognise their nationality laws, which did not provide for citizenship for everyone who was born in their countries (see Indian nationality lawIndian citizenship/nationality law Relevant Indian legislation is the Citizenship Act 1955, which has been amended by the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 1986 and the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 1992. Persons domiciled in the territory of India as on 26th Nov). Thus, those who did not become Indian or Pakistani citizens were never absorbed as CUKCs by the British Government.
In the 1960sCenturies: 19th century 20th century 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Years: 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Events and trends The 1960s was a turbulent decade of change around Britain was concerned with the possible effect of large scale immigration from its former colonies. Until the Commonwealth Immigration Act 1962, all Commonwealth citizens could enter and stay in the United Kingdom without any restriction. Successive acts restricted the categories who could enter freely, but those CUKCs who had passports issued by the British Government (as opposed to those issued by colonial governments) retained unrestricted access. The most notable group were the UgandanThe Republic of Uganda is a country in east central Africa. It is bordered in the east by Kenya, in the north by Sudan, by the Democratic Republic of Congo in the west, Rwanda in the southwest and Tanzania in the south. The southern part of the country in Indians expelled by Idi AminGeneral Idi Amin Dada Oumee ( May 17, 1928? August 16, 2003) was the military dictator of Uganda from January 25, 1971, to April 13, 1979. Idi Amin was born in the Kakwa tribe, near Koboko in the West Nile Arua district. The year is not known, due to a la in 1968Events Undated Booker Prize for Fiction is established by Booker plc. 1968 is known as the year of the Prague Spring and also the year of the Paris riots. The ASCII character code is standardized as ANSI Standard X3. Nauru adopt his national anthem of the.
The Immigration Act 1971 created the concept of patriality or right of abode. CUKCs and other Commonwealth citizens only had the right of abode in the UK if they, their parents or their grandparents were born in the United Kingdom and Islands (the UK, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man). This placed the UK in the rare position of denying some of its nationals entry into their country of nationality. (One consequence of this has been the inability of the United Kingdom to ratify the Fourth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, which guarantees the right of abode for nationals, a right which is widely recognized in international law.)
However, this was recognized as only a temporary solution, so the British government embarked on a major reform of the law, resulting in the British Nationality Act 1981.
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