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Brontotheriidae, also called Titanotheriidae, is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the order Perissodactyla, the order that includes horses, rhinos, and tapirs. Although brontotheres are probably most closely related to horses, superficially they looked rather like rhinoceroses. They lived around 58-30 million years ago, from the late early to late Eocene. Brontotheres retain four toes on their front feet and three toes on their hind feet. Their teeth are adapted to shearing (cutting) relatively nonabrasive vegetation. Their molars have a characteristic W-shaped ectoloph (outer shearing blade). The earliest brontotheres, such as Eotitanops , were rather small, no more than a meter in height, and were hornless. Later brontotheres evolved massive body sizes, although some small species, such as Nanotitanops did persist through the Eocene. Some genera, such as Dolichorhinus , evolved highly elongate skulls. Later brontotheres were massive in size, up to 2.5 m in height, and had evolved bizarre hornlike appendages. For instance the North American brontothere Megacerops evolved large sexually dimorphic paired horns above their noses. The sexually dimorphic horns suggest that brontotheres were highly gregarious (social) and males may have performed some sort of head clashing behavior in competition for mates. However, unlike rhinos, the horns of brontotheres are composed of bone, the frontal bone and nasal bone, and were placed side-to-side rather than front-to-back.
Genera of brontothere include:
- Eotitanops , from North America, 0,5 m tall
- Palaeosyops , from North America, 0.5 m tall
- Mulkrajanops , from PakistanIslami Jamhuria Pakistan ( In Detail) ( In Detail) National motto: Iman, Ittehad, Nazm( Urdu: "Faith, Unity, Discipline" Official Language(s) Urdu, English Capital Islamabad Largest City Karachi President General Pervez Musharraf Prime Minister Shaukat Az, 1.25 m tall
- Bunobrontops , from MyanmarThe Union of Myanmar is a country in Southeast Asia, formerly known as Burma . The name of the country was changed in 1989, and this change of name has been officially recognized by the United Nations. Some national governments, such as the United States, 1.25 m tall
- Mesatirhinus , from North America, 1 m tall
- Dolichorhinus , from North America, 1.25 m tall
- Sphenocoelus , from North America, 1.25 m tall
- Desmatotitan , from Inner MongoliaAlternative meaning: Mongolia (region Mongolia ( Khalkha Mongolian: is a landlocked country in Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south. After the conquest of China by the Mongol Empire, much of Mongolia was ru, 1.25 m tall
- Metarhinus , from North America, 1 m tall
- Microtitan , from Inner Mongolia, 0.75 m tall
- Sthenodectes , from North America, 1.25 m tall
- Telmatherium , from North America, 1.25 m tall
- Metatelmatherium , from North America and Inner Mongolia, 1.75 m tall
- Epimanteoceras , from Inner Mongolia, 2 m tall
- Hyotitan , from Inner Mongolia, 2.2 m tall
- Nanotitanops , from ChinaThis article is on the geographic and cultural entity. For other meanings, see China (disambiguation). China ( Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , Hanyu Pinyin: Zhongguo, Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo) is a country in continental East Asia with some oute, 0.3 m tall
- Pygmaetitan , from China, 0.5 m tall
- Acrotitan , from Inner Mongolia, 0.3 m tall
- Qufutitan , from China, 2 m tall
- Protitan , from Inner Mongolia, 2 m tall
- Protitanotherium , from North America, 2 m tall
- Rhinotitan , from Inner Mongolia, 2.5 m tall
- Diplacodon , from North America, 2 m tall
- Pachytitan , from Inner Mongolia, 2 m tall
- Brachydiastematherium , from Eastern EuropeEastern Europe is, by convention, a region defined geographically as that part of Europe covering the eastern part of the continent. Generally this means that it lies between the Ural and Caucasus mountains and the western border of Russia, or alternative, 2 m tall
- Gnathotitan , from Inner Mongolia, 2.5 m tall
- Aktautitan , from Kazakstan, 1.5 m tall
- Metatitan , from Mongolia, 1.5 m tall
- Protembolotherium , from Outer Mongolia, 2 m tall
- EmbolotheriumEmbolotherium ('battering ram beast') is an extinct genus of brontothere that lived in Mongolia during the late Eocene period. It is most easily recognized by a large bony protuberance eminating from the anterior (front) end of the skull. This process res, from Mongolia, 2.5 m tall
- Parabrontops , from Mongolia, 2 m tall
- Protitanops , from North America, 2 m tall
- Notiotitanops , from North America, 2 m tall
- Dianotitan , from China, 2 m tall
- Megacerops , from North America, 2.5 m tall
Prehistoric mammals
