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Cádiz is a coastal city in southwestern Spain, in the region of Andalusia, and is the capital of the province of Cádiz. As of the 2003 census its population was 134,989, and the population of the entire urban area was estimated to be 406,095, ranking as the 16th-largest urban area of Spain.
The city was originally founded as גדר (Gadir, meaning walled city) by the Phoenicians, who used it in their trade with Tartessos. The Greeks knew it as Gadira or Gadeira. Traditionally, its date of establishment is about 1100 BCE, although as of 2004 no finds have been found that date back further than the 9th century BCE. It is regarded as the most ancient still existing city in western Europe. According to Greek legend, Gadir was founded by Heracles after killing Geryon. Indeed, one of its notable features during this era was the temple dedicated to the Phoenician god Melqart. Some historians think that the columns of this temple gave origin to the myth of the Columns of Hercules (Melqart was associated by the Greeks with HeraclesFor the son of Alexander the Great, see Heracles (Macedon). In Greek mythology, Heracles or Herakles ("glory of Hera") was the demigod son of Zeus and Alcmene, the grand-daughter of Perseus and the wife of Amphitryon. In Roman mythology he was called Herc, or HerculesHercules was the name in Roman mythology of the hero Heracles from Greek mythology, the son of Jupiter (or Jove, the Roman name for the Greek god Zeus) and the mortal Alcmene. He was made to perform twelve great tasks, called the Twelve Labours of Hercule).
In about 500 BCE the city fell into the hands of the CarthaginiansThis article is about the ancient city-state of Carthage in North Africa. For other uses of the word, see Carthage (disambiguation). Mediterranean Sea, showing location of Carthage (near modern Tunis). Map also shows Italy and the islands Sicily, Sardinia. In the 3rd century BCE, the RomansSee also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). The Roman Republic traditionally lasted as a representative government of Rome and its territories from 510 BC until the establishment of the Roman Empire, typically placed at 44 BC conquered the city and renamed it Gades. The city flourished under Roman rule, but, with the decline of the Roman Empire , Gades' commercial importance began to fade.
During the Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration is a period in history when Europeans began to explore other parts of the world. It followed the period of the Crusades, a lengthy conflict between the Muslims and Christians, and the almost constant warfare during the Medieval era. the city had another rennaissance: Columbus sailed from Cadiz on his second voyage in 1495, and the city later became the home port of the Spanish treasure fleet.
Sir Francis Drake destroyed a Spanish fleet in its harbor in April 1587. In the Anglo-Spanish War Admiral Robert Blake blockaded Cádiz from 1655 and 1657, during which one of his captains, Richard Stayner destroyed most of the Spanish treasure fleet. A galleon of treasure was captured, and the overall loss to Spain was estimated at £2,000,000.
In the 18th century, the city surpassed Seville as the port monopolizing commerce with Spanish America.
Other facts: Cádiz was the seat of the liberal Cortes fighting Joseph I of Spain in the Peninsula war; the Spanish Constitution of 1812 was proclaimed there. Cádiz is famous by its carnival with Chirigotas (amateur satirical choruses) competing for a prize.
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