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The name Calico is derived from the name of the city of Calicut, Kerala, India.
In 1700, Britain banned importation of cotton cloth (or calico) from India, in an effort to prop up British textile industry. Indian textiles were superior. The ban failed, and was strengthened in 1720. It almost destroyed the Indian textile industry, and India was forced to buy British textiles.
Calico also describes a variety of domestic cat. See Tortoiseshell cat.