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The California missions are a series of settlements established by Spanish Catholic Franciscans, to Christianize the local Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier land. The missions introduced European livestock, fruits and vegetables and industry into the California region.The 21 missions were established along California's El Camino Real (Spanish for King's Highway), much of which is now U.S. Highway 101. The mission planting was begun under the leadership of Father Junípero Serra in 1769, and concluded in 1823, although Serra had died in 1784. Father Fermín Francisco Lasuén took up Serra's work and established nine more from 1786 through 1798. Others established the last three.
The missions are the best-known historical element of the coastal regions of California. This popularity, stemming largely from Helen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt Jackson ( October 18, 1831- August 12, 1885) was an American writer. She was born Helen Maria Fiske in Amherst, Massachusetts, the daughter of Nathan Welby Fiske and Deborah Waterman Vinal. She had two brothers, who both died in infancy, and a's highly romantic novel RamonaThis article is about the novel titled Ramona. For other articles using the name, see Ramona (disambiguation). Ramona is a novel written by Helen Hunt Jackson and published in 1884. Creation And Effects Jackson wrote Ramona three years after A Century of ( 18841884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). Events January 4 The Fabian Society is founded in London. February 1 Edition one of the Oxford English Dictionary is published. March 13 The siege of Khartoum, Sudan begins (ends on Janu), has been both a blessing and a curse. It has earned the missions a prominent place in California's historic consciousness, and sent a steady stream of visitors to these sites.
In many cases, it led to the reconstruction of these missions, with at best an honest but poorly informed attempt to adhere to historic reality. Lacking substantive knowledge of the native people who built and inhabited these missions, the reconstructors largely left them out of the story. Many reconstructed missions are adorned with lush gardenA garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation and enjoyment of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. In its most common form, known as a residential garden, it is found adjacent tos, even though research indicates that these did not exist. Furthermore, the reconstructions severely damaged the archaeological record .
1 The missions
The missions were placed about 30 miles apart, so that they were separated by one day's long ride on horseback along El Camino Real.
1.1 In geographical order, north to south
- Mission San Francisco SolanoMission San Francisco Solano was founded on July 4, 1823 by Father Jose Altimira, the twenty-first and last of the California mission chain. It was named for St. Francis Solano, missionary to the Indians of Peru. It is located in Sonoma, California. Durin, in SonomaSonoma is a town located in Sonoma County, California, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 9,128. Geography Sonoma is located at 38°17'20" North, 122°27'32" West (38. 288771, -122. According to the United States Census Bureau, t
- Mission San Rafael ArcángelMission San Rafael Arcangel was founded on December 14, 1817 by Father Vicente de Sarria. It was the twentieth mission in the California mission chain, and was named for the Archangel Raphael. It is located in San Rafael, California, in Marin County., in San RafaelSan Rafael is the county seat of Marin County, California. The city is located in the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 56,063. Notable landmarks include: the Mission San Rafael Arcangel, around which the ci
- Mission San Francisco de Asís, in San Francisco
- Mission San José de Guadalupe, in Fremont
- Mission Santa Clara de Asís, in Santa Clara
- Mission San Juan Bautista, in San Juan Bautista
- Mission Santa Cruz, in Santa Cruz
- Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo, south of Carmel
- Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, south of Soledad
- Mission San Antonio de Padua, northwest of Jolon
- Mission San Miguel Arcángel, north of Paso Robles
- Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, in San Luis Obispo
- Mission Santa Inés, in Solvang
- Mission La Purísima Concepción, northeast of Lompoc
- Mission Santa Bárbara, in Santa Barbara
- Mission San Buenaventura, in Ventura
- Mission San Fernando Rey de España, in San Fernando
- Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, in San Gabriel
- Mission San Juan Capistrano, in San Juan Capistrano
- Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, in Oceanside
- Mission San Diego de Alcalá, in San Diego
