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Calligraphy (from Greek καλλι calli "beauty" + γραφος graphos "writing") is the art of decorative writing. A particular style of calligraphy is described as a hand.Calligraphy at every point in time is a conscious art, which is distinguished from the studies of epigraphy or palaeography in general. The study of permanent inscriptions engraved in metal or chiselled into stone and the forms of letters used in them is called epigraphy (q.v.). Epigraphy is a branch of the broader study of ancient handwriting in more general terms, called palaeography. Examples of graffiti can range between the two.
1 Western calligraphy
Western calligraphy has its roots in the days of Greek and Roman scribes, and evolved during the dark ages due to the efforts put into making illuminated manuscripts. Hand-written and hand-decorated books became less common after the invention of printing by Johann Gutenberg in the 15th century. However, at the end of the 19th century, William Morris and the Arts and Crafts Movement rediscovered and popularised calligraphy.
Some important contemporary calligraphers are Author Baker and Hermann ZapfHermann Zapf (born in Nuremberg, Germany on November 8, 1918) is a prolific German typeface designer. He is married to calligrapher and typeface designer Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse. Zapf's work has suffered the two-edged sword of veneration, as his designs, wh. As handwritten forms of communication have become more rare, calligraphy is often reserved for special occasions and events, most notably the addressing of wedding invitations and announcements. However, since the 1970sMillennia: 1st millennium 2nd millennium 3rd millennium Centuries: 19th century 20th century 21st century Decades: 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Years: 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Events and trends, graffiti-style lettering, a dramatic, angular, block hand, has become common in various media. Graffiti being one of the four elements of hip-hop , the style is especially associated with that milieu.
2 Chinese and East Asian calligraphy
East Asian calligraphyEast Asian calligraphy typically uses ink brushes to write Chinese characters (called Hanzi in Chinese, Kanji in Japanese, and Hanja in Korean). Calligraphy (in Chinese, Shufa , in Japanese Shodo , or "the way of writing") is considered an important art i typically uses ink brushInk brushes (, in Japanese fude are speciality brushes used in East Asian calligraphy. They are also used in Japanese brush painting sumi-e , an art that developed entirely from calligraphy. The best quality ink brushes are made of bamboo and animal hair.es to write Chinese characterTraditional Chinese and other languages. Simplified Chinese Chinese characters or Han characters (/) are used in the written forms of the Chinese language, and to varying degrees in the Japanese and Korean languages (though the latter only in South Korea)s (called Hanzi in Chinese, KanjiKanji (, literally "characters from Han China"; see also Han Chinese) are Chinese characters used in Japanese. Kanji are one of the four character sets used in the modern Japanese writing system (the other three being hiragana, katakana and romaji). This in JapaneseThe Japanese language is a spoken and written language used mainly in Japan. The Japanese name for the language is Nihongo . History and classification Historical linguists do not all agree about the origin of the Japanese language; there are several comp, and Hanja in Korean). Calligraphy (in Chinese, Shufa 書法, in Japanese Shodo 書道, or "the way of writing") is considered an important art in East Asia and the most refined form of East Asian painting.
Calligraphy has influenced most major art styles in East Asia, including sumi-e, a style of Japanese painting based entirely on calligraphy.
