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:Alternative meaning: Carbon (computing)

boron – carbon – nitrogen
C Si
	Full table

General

Name, Symbol, Number

Carbon, C, 6

Chemical series

Nonmetals

Group, Period, Block

14 (IVA), 2, pThe p-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the last six groups. In the elemental form of the p-block elements, the highest energy electron occupies a p- orbital. The p-block contains all of the nonmetals and semimetals, as well as some of t

DensityFor other meanings of density, see density (disambiguation Density (symbol: rho Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. The higher an object's density, the higher its mass per volume. The average density of an object equals its total mass div, Hardness

2267 kg/m³Kilogram per cubic metre is the SI measure of density and is represented as kg/m³, where kg stands for kilogram and m³ stands for cubic metre. The density of water is about 1000 kg/m³, since a cubic metre of water weighs about a tonne. kg/m³" is sometimes,
0.5 (graphite)
10.0 (diamond)

AppearanceFor alternative meanings, see color (disambiguation). visual arts. Color (or colour is a sensation which (in humans) derives from the ability of the fine structure of the eye to distinguish three differently filtered analyses of a view. The perception of

black (graphite)
colourless (diamond)

Atomic properties

Atomic weightIn reference to a certain isotope of a chemical element, atomic weight (more accurately relative atomic mass though also called simply atomic mass is the mass of one atom of the isotope expressed in units atomic mass unit amu) such that the Carbon-12 isot

12.0107 amuThe atomic mass unit amu , unified atomic mass unit u , or dalton Da , is a small unit of mass used to express atomic masses and molecular masses. It is defined to be 1/12 of the mass of one atom of Carbon-12. Accordingly, :1 u 1/N gram 1/(1000 N) kg (whe

Atomic radiusAtomic radius is the distance from the atomic nucleus to the outmost stable electron orbital in a atom that is at equilibrium and is measured in picometers or Angstroms. Atomic radii are called covalent radii (a reference to the types of bonds formed) whe (calc.)

70 (67) pm

Covalent radius

77 pm

van der Waals radius

170 pm

Electron configuration

[ He]2 s²2p²

e^- 's per energy level

2, 4

Oxidation states ( Oxide)

4, 2 (mildly acidic)

Crystal structure

Hexagonal

Physical properties

solid ( diamagnetic)

3773 K (6332 ° F)

5100 K (8721 °F)

5.29 ×10^-6 m³/mol

355.8 kJ/mol ( sublimes)

Heat of fusion

N/A ( sublimes)

Vapor pressure

0 Pa

Speed of sound

18350 m/s

Miscellaneous

Electronegativity

2.55 ( Pauling scale)

Specific heat capacity

710 J/(kg*K)

Electrical conductivity

0.061 × 10⁶/(m· ohm)

Thermal conductivity

129 W/(m*K)

1^st ionization potential

1086.5 kJ/mol

2^nd ionization potential

2352.6 kJ/mol

3^rd ionization potential

4620.5 kJ/mol

4^th ionization potential

6222.7 kJ/mol

5^th ionization potential

37831 kJ/mol

6^th ionization potential

47277.0 kJ/mol

Most stable isotopes

iso	NA	half-life	DM	DE M eV	DP
¹²C	98.9%	C is stable with 6 neutrons
¹³C	1.1%	C is stable with 7 neutrons
¹⁴C	trace	5730 y	beta^-	0.156	¹⁴N

SI units & STP are used except where noted.

Carbon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol C and atomic number 6. An abundant nonmetallic, tetravalent element, carbon has several allotropic forms:

diamonds (hardest known mineral). Binding structure: 4 electrons in 3-dimensional so-called sp3-orbitals
graphite (one of the softest substances). Binding structure: 3 electrons in 2-dimensional sp2-orbitals and 1 electron in s-orbitals.
Covalent bound sp1 orbitals are of chemical interest only.

Fullerite ( fullerenes) are nanometre-scale molecules. In the simple form 60 carbon atoms form a graphitic layer which is bent to a 3-dimensional structure, similar to a soccer ball.

Lamp black consists of small graphitic areas. These areas are randomly distributed, so the whole structure is isotropic.

So-called 'glassy carbon' is isotropic and as strong as glass. Unlike normal graphite, the graphitic layers are not arranged like pages in a book, but are crumpled like crumpled paper.

Carbon fibers are similar to glassy carbon. Under special treatment (stretching of organic fibers and carbonization) it is possible to arrange the carbon planes in direction of the fiber. Perpendicular to the fiber axis there is no orientation of the carbon planes. The result are fibers with a higher specific strength than steel.

Carbon occurs in all organic life and is the basis of organic chemistry. This nonmetal also has the interesting chemical property of being able to bond with itself and a wide variety of other elements, forming nearly 10 million known compounds. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide which is absolutely vital to plant growth. When united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons which are essential to industry in the form of fossil fuels. When combined with both oxygen and hydrogen it can form many groups of compounds including fatty acids, which are essential to life, and esters, which give flavor to many fruits. The isotope carbon-14 is commonly used in radioactive dating.

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Topics: Carbon Form Graphite Compounds Plants Structure Forms Diamond...

CarbonAlternative meaning: Carbon (computing Carbon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol C and atomic number 6. An abundant nonmetallic, tetravalent element, carbon has several allotropic forms: diamonds (hardest known mineral). Bindi	Carbon nanotubeCarbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules with properties that make them potentially useful in extremely small scale electronic and mechanical applications. They exhibit unusual strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient conducto	CarboniferousThe Carboniferous is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Devonian period (about 280 million years before the present (BP)) to the beginning of the Permian period (about 340 million Years BP). As with most older geol
Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. One of the best known of chemical compounds, it is frequently called by its formula: :CO (pronunciation: "see oh two") Carbon dioxide results from the combustion of organic	CarbonateCarbonate is an anion with a charge of -2 and an empirical formula of CO2-. An aqueous solution of carbon dioxide contains a minute amount of HCO, called carbonic acid, which dissociates to form hydrogen ions and carbonate ions. It would be a fairly stron	Carbon monoxideCarbon monoxide chemical formula C O, is a colourless, odourless, flammable and highly toxic gas. It is a major product of the incomplete combustion of carbon and carbon-containing compounds. Sources Carbon monoxide has many common sources. The exhaust of
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