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Most churches which use the term Catholic in their title mean that they belong to this communion. There are notable exceptions. See Catholicism (disambiguation).
This article deals with the structure of the communion. For its belief system, see Roman Catholicism.
The Bishop of Rome, the Pope, is the leader of the communion and is the communion's most senior bishop.
explain further role of pope as opposed to his patriarchal role in the Roman Catholic Church
The College of Bishops is the ultimate governing authority of the communion. It consists of all the bishops of the communion from all the churches. It solemnly gathers in what is called a general synod. The general synod has met infrequently throughout history, as evidenced by there being only twenty-one synods in the history of the communion. The churches of the communion believe that all these synods are in fact ecumenical councils; however, this is disputed by the rest of Christianity.
explain what the college of bishops does besides the general synod/council and how there can be two supreme authorities in the communion
The sui juris churches have varying levels of autonomy, depending on whether they are led by a patriarch, major archbishopIn Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. When a bishop becomes an archbishop, he is not in any sense being ordained nor otherwise recei, metropolitan archbishop, or Apostolic delegate. The largest of these sui juris churches is the Roman Catholic Church. The rest of the sui juris churches are known collectively as the Eastern Catholic ChurchesThe Eastern Rites are the rites used by many of the ancient Christian churches of Eastern Europe and the Middle East that are in the Catholic Communion but do not follow the Latin Rite. The churches that use these rites are called the Eastern Catholic Chu.
Each of the sui iuris Churches uses one of the six major liturgicalFrom the Greek word λειτουργια, which can be transliterated as "leitourgia," meaning "the work of the people," a liturgy comprises a solemn religious ceremony, following a carefully prescribed f traditions (emanating from traditional Sees of historical importance), called a rite. The major rites are the Alexandrian Rite , the Antiochene Rite , the Armenian Rite , the Byzantine Rite, the Chaldean Rite , and the Latin Rite. The Latin Rite, being used by the Roman Catholic Church, is dominant throughout most of the world, being used by the vast majority of Catholics (approx. 98 per cent.). There were formerly many lesser rites in the Roman Catholic Church, but these were replaced by the Roman Rite by the Council of Trent's liturgical reforms. Now there are only three minor rites which make up the Latin Rite: the Ambrosian Rite, the Mozarabic Rite, and the Roman Rite.
Historically, the Eucharistic liturgy in the Latin Rite, the Mass, was conducted entirely in Ecclesiastical Latin. This Mass was known as the Tridentine Mass. Since the Second Vatican Council in the early 1960s, a new version of the Mass has been promulgated ( Novus Ordo Missae), which is usually celebrated in the vernacular, or local languages.
The corresponding liturgy in the Eastern Catholic Churches, the Divine Liturgy, is conducted in various liturgical languages depending on the rite the church follows and the church itself. For instance, the churches following the Byzantine Rite use any one of Greek, Slavonic, Arabic, Romanian and Georgian. The other churches usually use only one or two, such as the churches following the Antiochene and Chaldean Rites, which use Syriac; the churches following the Armenian Rite, which use Armenian; and the churches following the Alexandrian Rite, which use either Coptic or Ge'ez.
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