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Home > Celtic languages

Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European languages. They were spoken across western Europe in ancient times, but are now limited to a few enclaves in the British Isles and on the peninsula of Brittany in France.

There are four main groups of Celtic languages, of which the first two are now long extinct:

• Gaulish and its close relatives, Lepontic, Noric, and Galatian. These languages were once spoken in a wide arc from France to Turkey and from the Netherlands to northern Italy.
• Celtiberian, anciently spoken in Aragon and elsewhere in Spain.
• Goidelic, including Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, ManxManx Gaelg or Gailck , also known as Manx Gaelic is a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man. It is an offshoot of Old Irish, particularly the Ulster and Galloway dialects. Manx dates to around the 5th century and is called Gaelg Vanninagh by Manx sp, and SheltaShelta is a language spoken by parts of the Irish Traveller people. The language is also known as Gammon Sheldru or simply the Cant . However, "Shelta" is the most appropriate and common term to use. Shelta's vocabulary is based largely on Irish Gaelic (w
• Brythonic, including WelshWelsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. For other meanings, see Wales (disambiguation). Welsh Cymraeg y Gymraeg , not to be confused with the Welsh dialect of English, is a Brythonic branch of Celtic spoken natively in the wes, BretonBreton Brezhoneg is a Celtic language spoken by some of the inhabitants of Brittany in France. History Breton is not thought to be a modern-day descendant of any continental Celtic language such as Gaulish, though evidently it has borrowed some features f, CornishThe Cornish language (in Cornish: Kernowek Kernewek Curnoack is one of the Brythonic group of Celtic languages that includes Welsh, Breton and, originally, Cumbrian. The Celtic languages of Scottish Gaelic, Irish and Manx are part of the separate Goidelic, CumbricCumbric was the Brythonic Celtic language spoken in much of Cumbria, Northern Northumbria, and parts of lowland Scotland until about the 11th century. Although there are traces of Cumbric still in use today, the language is dead and there are no complete, IvernicIvernic is an extinct Brythonic language that was spoken in Ireland, particularly in Munster. It was spoken by a Gallo-Belgic tribe called the Erainn (in Irish) or Iverni (in Latin). They have been linked with the Firbolg (in the Irish Book of Invasions)., and possibly Pictish

These four groups are traditionally split into two branches, but there are two competing schemata. The first links Gaulish with Brythonic in a P-Celtic node, leaving Celtiberian and Goidelic together as Q-Celtic. The differences between P and Q languages are most easily seen in the word for son, mac in Q (hard K sound) and map in P languages.

The alternative schema links Goidelic and Brythonic together as an Insular Celtic branch, leaving Gaulish and Celtiberian as Continental Celtic. According to this system, the development from Q to P might have occurred independently. The proponents of the Insular Celtic hypothesis point to other shared innovations among Insular Celtic languages, including inflected prepositions and VSO word order. There is, however, no assumption that the Continental Celtic languages descend from a common "Proto-Continental Celtic" ancestor. Rather, Continental Celtic is simply a convenient term for those Celtic languages that are not Insular Celtic.

(Note: Breton is closely related to Cornish and is thus classified with Insular Celtic. Brittany is known to have been settled from Britain in historical times. Some elements of Breton may originate in the Continental Celtic languages, however these would have the status of borrowings, much like Gaulish borrowings in French.)

There are legitimate scholarly arguments in favour of both the Insular Celtic hypothesis and the P-Celtic hypothesis. Proponents of each schema dispute the accuracy and usefulness of the other's categories. It should, however, be remembered that this dispute is purely academic in that they concern the relationship between modern-day groups of languages and groups that are now extinct. No serious authority disputes that the Celtic languages spoken at present divide into Goidelic and Brythonic clusters. When referring only to the modern Celtic languages, 'Q-Celtic' and 'P-Celtic' may be taken as synonymous with Goidelic and Brythonic, respectively (although this terminology usually implies acceptance of the overall P-Celtic hypothesis).

Within the Indo-European family, the Celtic languages have sometimes been placed with the Italic languages in a common Celto-Italic (or Italo-Celtic) subfamily.

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Topics: Celtic Languages Insular Brythonic Goidelic Deg Continental...

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Celtic musicThe term Celtic music encompasses Irish traditional music and traditional musics of Scotland; Cape Breton Island and Maritime Canada; Quebec; Wales; the Isle of Man; Northumberland (northern England); Brittany (northwestern France); Cornwall; and Galicia Celtic languagesCeltic languages are a branch of the Indo-European languages. They were spoken across western Europe in ancient times, but are now limited to a few enclaves in the British Isles and on the peninsula of Brittany in France. There are four main groups of Cel Celtic tribes in the British IslesSome of the known Celtic tribes in Britain and Ireland were as follows: The Brigantes were an important tribe in northern England. The Caledonians inhabited present-day Scotland. The Belgae settled various places in eastern and southern England. The Dobun Celtic mythologyLike other Iron Age Europeans, the Celts were a polytheistic people prior to their conversion to (Celtic) Christianity. Few of their myths have survived intact, but Celtic mythology has nevertheless influenced modern European civilisation. Celtic mytholog Celtic TigerThe Celtic Tiger is a nickname for the Republic of Ireland during its period of rapid economic growth between the 1990s and 2001 or 2002. Strictly speaking, the term is used for both the period of time (as in Celtic Tiger years and the country during that Celtic knotCeltic knots are a variety of knots and stylized graphical representations of knots used for decoration, first known to have been used by the Celts. Though Celtic knots were being created in pre- Christian times, these knots are most known for their use i Celtic F.C. Celtic Christianity Celtic metal Celtic battle metal Celtic doom metal Celtic Pagan Metal Celtic Frost Celtic Catholic Church Celtic cross