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: For other uses see Cicero (disambiguation)Marcus Tullius Cicero ( January 3, 106 BC - December 7, 43 BC) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome, and is generally considered the greatest Latin prose stylist.
1 Biography
Cicero was born in Arpinum and caught and killed outside of Rome, fleeing from political enemies. His family, the Tullii Cicerones, was one of the landed gentry in Arpinum and resented the fame and fortunes of the other great Arpinate families, the Marii. Throughout his life, the conservative Cicero loathed being compared to the then more famous Marius.
1.1 Early life
Cicero served as a quaestor in Western Sicily in 75 BCCenturies: 2nd century BC 1st century BC 1st century Decades: 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC Years: 80 BC 79 BC 78 BC 77 BC 76 BC 75 BC 74 BC 73 BC 72 BC 71 BC 70 BC Events In Rome, the tribune Quintus Opim. He wrote that in Sicily he saw the gravestone of Archimedes of Syracuse, on which was carved Archimedes' favorite discovery in geometryGeometry is the branch of mathematics dealing with spatial relationships. From experience, or possibly intuitively, people characterize space by certain fundamental qualities, which are termed axioms in geometry. Such axioms are insusceptible to proof, bu, that ratio of the volume of a sphere to that of the smallest right circular cylinder in which it fits is 2:3. He built an extremely successful career as an advocate, and first attained prominence for his successful prosecution in August 70 BCCenturies: 2nd century BC 1st century BC 1st century Decades: 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 74 BC 74 BC 73 BC 72 BC 71 BC 70 BC 69 BC 68 BC 67 BC 66 BC 65 BC Events The office of censor is reinstated in th of Gaius VerresGaius Verres (c. 120 43 BC), was a Roman magistrate, notorious for his misgovernment of Sicily. It is not known to what gens he belonged. At first, he supported Marius and the populares, but soon went over to the other side. Sulla made him a present of la, the former governor of Sicily. Despite his great successes as an advocate, Cicero suffered from his lack of reputable ancestry; as no Tullius Cicero had been consulFor modern diplomatic consuls see Consulate general. Consul (abbrev. was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire. Under the Republic, the minimum age of election to consul for patricians was 40 years of a before him, he was neither noble nor patrician, and his family was considered unimportant. He was furthermore hindered by the fact that the last man to have been elected to the consulate without consular ancestors (i.e., the last "New Man", or Novus Homo) had been the political radical Marius.
1.2 Consul
In 63 BCCenturies: 2nd century BC 1st century BC 1st century Decades: 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC Years: 68 BC 67 BC 66 BC 65 BC 64 BC 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC Events Roman conquest of Palestine; the p, Cicero became the first New Man in more than 30 years by being elected consul. His only significant historical accomplishment during his year in office was the suppression of the Catilinarian conspiracyCatiline Lucius Sergius Catilina ( 108 BC- 62 BC) was a Roman politician of the 1st century BC who is best known for the Catiline (or Catilinarian conspiracy an attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic, and in particular the power of the aristocratic Senat, a plot to overthrow the Roman Republic led by Lucius Sergius Catilina, a disaffected patrician. Cicero procured a senatus consultum de re publica defendenda (a declaration of martial law, also called the senatus consultum ultimum) and ordered the summary execution of a handful of the conspirators in Rome. He received the honorific " Pater Patriae" for his actions in suppressing the conspiracy, but thereafter lived in fear of trial or exile for having put Roman citizens to death without trial.
