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Cocoa is Apple Computer's native object-oriented application programming environment for the Mac OS X operating system. It is one of five major programming environments available for Mac OS X; the others are Carbon, Classic, BSD, and Java. (Environments such as Perl and Python are considered minor environments because they are not generally used for full-fledged application programming).Cocoa applications are typically developed using the development tools provided by Apple, specifically Xcode (formerly Project Builder ) and Interface Builder . However the Cocoa programming environment can be accessed using other tools, such as Perl, Python and PyObjC.
For end-users, Cocoa applications are considered to be those written using the Cocoa programming environment. Such applications usually have a distinctive feel, since the Cocoa programming environment automates many aspects of an application to comply with Apple's Human User Interface guidelines.
1 Cocoa history
Cocoa is derived from the NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP programming environments developed by NeXTThe NeXT logo, designed by Paul Rand. NeXT was a computer company, known to the public for its series of futuristic computers, and to the programming world for its development platforms. It was bought in a takeover by Apple Computer and is no longer in bu in the late 1980s. Apple acquired NeXT in December, 19961996 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar), and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty''. Events January January 5 Hamas operative Yahya Ayyash is killed by an Israeli-planted booby-trapped cell phone Jan, and subsequently went to work on the RhapsodyA rhapsody is an epic poetry, or part of one, that is suitable for recitation at one time. In music, a rhapsody is an enthusiastic instrumental composition of indefinite form. Rhapsody is a service that provides music on the Internet. For the Apple Macint operating system that was supposed to be the direct successor of OPENSTEP and use OPENSTEP technology proper, and have an emulation base for Mac OSMac OS which stands for Mac intosh O perating S ystem, is Apple Computer’s name for the operating systems for Macintosh computers. The original Mac OS was the first commercially successful operating system which used a graphical user interface. The Macint applications, which was termed Blue Box. The OPENSTEP base of libraries and binary support was termed Yellow Box. Rhapsody evolved into Mac OS X, and the Yellow Box became Cocoa.
Much of the work that went into developing OPENSTEP was applied to the development of Mac OS X. Cocoa is the most visible part of that synergySynergy or synergism, most often refers to the phenomenon of two or more discrete influences or agents acting in common to create an effect which is greater than the sum of the effects each is able to create independently. Synergy has origins as a theolog. There are, however, some important fundamental differences. The most visible of which is that NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP used Display PostScriptNeXT Computer Inc. designed Display PostScript (or DPS as a display system for their series of Unix-based personal computers starting around 1987. Display PostScript was developed with (or given to) Adobe, and made an official Adobe product with its own s for on-screen display of text and graphics, while Cocoa depends on Apple's QuartzQuartz is the graphics layer that sits on top of the Darwin core of Mac OS X, sometimes also referred to as CoreGraphics . Quartz directly supports Aqua by displaying two-dimensional graphics to create the user interface, including on-the-fly rendering an (which uses PDF). Cocoa also has some level of internet support (NSUrl classes, and others), while under OPENSTEP one managed network connections through NSFileHandle classes and Berkeley sockets.
Prior to its current use, the "Cocoa" trademark was the name of an application that allowed children to create multimedia projects. It was originally known as KidSim . The program was discontinued as part of the rationalizations following Steve Jobs' return to the company.
