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The Comintern (from Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919 by Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (bolshevik), which intended to fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State." The Comintern represented a split from the Second International in response to the latter's failure to form a unified coalition against the First World War, which the Third Internationalists regarded as a bourgeois imperialist war.
The Comintern held seven World Congresses, the first in March 1919 and the last in 1935, until it was dissolved in 1943. Left Communists today recognise only the first two congresses, and groups coming out of the Bolshevik Leninist or Trotskyist movement recognise the decisions of the first four only. Communist Parties of the Stalinist or Maoist persuasion, however, recognize all seven congresses.
Before the Comintern was formally established, Lenin had already written of his extreme disgust with the way in which many European Social-Democrats had failed to oppose World War I, and was particularly critical of individuals such as Karl KautskyKarl Kautsky ( October 18 1854 October 17 1938) was a leading theoretician of social democracy. Born in Prague, Karl Kaustky was studying history and philosophy at the University of Vienna in 1874, and became a member of the Social Democratic Party of Aus and Ramsay MacDonaldJames Ramsay MacDonald ( October 12, 1866 November 9, 1937) was Britain's first Labour Prime Minister (January-November 1924 and June 1929-August 1931) and subsequently Prime Minister of the "National" Government of August 1931-June 1935. Biography Born a, disparagingly describing them as Social-Chauvinists (socialists in words, chauvinists in deeds), as in the case of the latter, and social pacifists, as in the case of the former.
The socialist movement soon split in two, with the Social Democrats on one side and the Communists on the other. As noted above, the original reason for this split was a difference of vision regarding the First World War and associated events, but the rift grew wider over the years, with the two groups opposing each other on many other issues.
The split was initiated by the Russian Bolsheviks, who adopted the name "Communists". It was made official by the First Congress of the Comintern.
A central policy of the Comintern was that Communist parties should be established across the world to aid the international proletarian revolutionWorld revolution is a Marxist concept of a violent overthrow of capitalism that would take place in all countries simultaneously. Arguably, the international situation in the years immediately following World War I was the closest the world ever came to s. They also shared the idea of democratic centralismDemocratic centralism is a political concept referring to the governance of political parties and groups. It is generally regarded as being an element of Leninism, and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for Leninist policy inside a political party., which essentially boils down to the principle that all decisions must be made democratically and all voices must be heard in the process, but party members should not continue to dispute a decision after it has been adopted.
The following parties and movements were invited to the First Congress of the Communist International:
For a party to join the Comintern, it had to accept the Twenty-one Conditions, which were intended to delimit revolutionary communists from the reformist and centrist forces which sought to join the Comintern in the wake of the success of the Russian revolution.
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