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Commuting is largely a phenomenon which exists in industrialised societies, where access to modern modes of travel such as cars, trains, busses and bicycles has enabled people to live far from their workplace. Prior to the 19th century most people lived within walking distance of their workplace.
The advent of modern commuting has had a large impact on life. It has allowed cities to expand to sizes which were previously not practical, and it has led to the proliferation of the suburbs.
Many large cities or conurbations are surrounded by commuter belts, also known as metropolitan areas, where people who work in the city or conurbation live. These regions are often called commuter towns, dormitory towns, or bedroom communities.
As urban sprawlUrban sprawl (also called suburban sprawl describes the growth of a metropolitan area, particularly the suburbs, over a large area. In examples of this phenomena, such as Los Angeles, California and Houston, Texas, new development is often low- density, w pushes farther and farther away from central business districtCentral business district CBD used in Australasia and sometimes elsewhere), or downtown (used mainly in North America) are terms referring to the commercial centre of a city. The CBD or downtown is the central district of a city, usually characterized bys, new businesses can appear in outlying cities, leading to the existence of the reverse commuter who lives in a core city but works in the suburbs.
Commuting, especially in the absence of carpooling, is often regarded as a major contributing factor to traffic congestionTraffic congestion occurs when the volume of traffic on a roadway is high enough to be detrimental to its performance. In congested conditions, vehicles speeds are reduced increasing drive times. These conditions are also more taxing for drivers, and auto.
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