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| Crater Lake | |
| Designation | National Park |
| Location | Oregon USA |
| Nearest City | Eugene, Oregon |
| Latitude | 42° 56' N |
| Longitude | 122° 07' W |
| Area | 183,224 acres 74,148 ha |
| Date of Establishment | May 22, 1902 |
| Visitation | 451,322 (2003) |
| Governing Body | National Park Service |
| IUCN category | II (National Park) |
Crater Lake National Park is a national park located in Oregon, United States whose most famous feature is Crater LakeCrater Lake is a lake in Oregon that is 5 by 6 miles (8 by 9. 6 km) and 1958 feet (597 meters) deep. It is Crater Lake National Park's most prominent feature and is famous for its deep blue color, water clarity and driftwood. The lake partly fills a nearl. The park encompasses the Crater Lake calderaThis article is about volcanic calderas. Caldera Systems is also the former name of SCO Group. See also US Secretary of the Army Louis Caldera. A caldera is a volcanic crater which usually has a flat surface at the bottom, formed by a volcano collapsing i, which rests in the remains of a destroyed volcanoThis article is about volcanoes geology. For the action movie see: Volcano (movie). A volcano (plural, volcanoes) is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the earth's interior made molten or liquid by high pressure and temperatur called Mount MazamaMount Mazama is a destroyed stratovolcano in the Oregon part of the Cascade Range. The volcano's collapsed caldera holds Crater Lake, and the entire mountain is located in Crater Lake National Park. Mazama is most famous for a catastrophic volcanic erupti. The lake is 1958 feet (597 meters) deep at its deepest point, which makes it the deepest lakeA lake is a large body of water, usually fresh water, surrounded by land. Large lakes are sometimes referred to as "inland seas" and small seas are sometimes referred to as lakes. For examples (of saline lakes): the Great Salt Lake, but the Dead Sea. in the United States and the seventh deepest anywhere in the world. The caldera rim ranges in elevation from 7000 to 8000 feet (apx. 2130 to 2440 meters). The park covers 286 mi˛ ( 741 km˛To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 km˛ and 1000 km˛. See also areas of other orders of magnitude. Areas less than 100 km˛ 100 km˛ is equal to: a square with sides 10 km long 10,000 hectar).
Crater Lake has no streams flowing into or out of it. As a result, the water is extraordinarily clear, and the lake has a striking blue hue.
For detail, see Mount MazamaMount Mazama is a destroyed stratovolcano in the Oregon part of the Cascade Range. The volcano's collapsed caldera holds Crater Lake, and the entire mountain is located in Crater Lake National Park. Mazama is most famous for a catastrophic volcanic erupti.
Volcanic activity in the area is fed by subductionSubduction zones exist where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate and sinks below the latter plate into the asthenosphere. Oceanic lithospheric plates are subducted because of their higher density. The oceanic plate sometimes gets melted bec off the coast of Oregon as the Juan de Fuca Plate slips below the North American Plate (see plate tectonics). Heat and compression generated by this movement has created a mountain chain topped by a series of volcanoes, which together are called the Cascade Range. The large volcanoes in the range are called the High Cascades. However, there are many other volcanoes in the range as well, most of which are much smaller.
About 400,000 years ago, Mount Mazama began life in much the same way as the other mountains of the High Cascades, as overlapping shield volcanoes. Over time, alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic flows built Mazama's overlapping cones until it reached about 11000 feet (~3550 meters) in height.
As the young stratovolcano grew, many smaller volcanoes and volcanic vents were built in the area of the park and just outside what are now the park's borders. Chief among these were cinder cones. Although the early examples are gone—cinder cones erode easily—there are at least 13 much younger cinder cones in the park, and at least another 11 or so outside its borders, that still retain their distinctive cinder cone appearance. There continues to be debate as to whether these minor volcanoes and vents were parasitic to Mazama's magma chamber and system or if they were related to background Oregon Cascade volcanism.
After a period of dormancy, Mazama became active again. Then, around 4860 BC , Mazama collapsed into itself during a tremendous volcanic eruption, losing 2500 to 3500 feet (760 to 1070 meters) in height. The eruption formed a large caldera that was later filled with a deep blue lake known today as Crater Lake.
The eruptive period that decapitated Mazama also laid waste to much of the greater Crater Lake area and deposited ash as far east as the northwest corner of what is now Yellowstone National Park, as far south as central Nevada, and as far north as southern British Columbia. It produced more than 150 times as much ash as the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
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